"Hacktivism" inopindirana nemamwe mazwi okuti "kutengesa" uye "kushingaira" kwakavapo sezvo vanhu vanoshandisa internet kuti varatidze zvematongerwo enyika kana zvemagariro evanhu.Vanhu vacho dzimwe nguva vanonzi "SJW" kana hutungamiri hwekururamisira kwevanhu .
Pamusoro pezvakaitika kare zvevanhu, vanhu vakaratidza zvakasimba mune imwe nzira kana imwe kurwisana-kana-chimwe chinhu chavanonzwa vachichida. Izvo zvinogona kusanganisira kukanganisa kunze kwemahofisi eImba yeGuta, kunyora tsamba kumugadziri wepepanhau reko kunopesana nehutano huripo, kana kuronga kugara-kwunivhesiti.
Zvose izvi zvinopesana zvine chimwe chinhu chakafanana: ivo vanogara munzvimbo, uye vazhinji, kana kwete vose, vevanhu vanobatanidzwa mukupikisa vanobva munzvimbo iyoyo mumunhu.
Pinda paInternet . Nemhaka yokuti inogona kukonzera vanhu vanobva kumativi ose enyika pasinei nenharaunda, kuratidzira kana kupikisana nechikonzero kunosarudzwa zvakasiyana.
Hacktivism uye kushingaira kunobatana; zvisinei, hacktivism yakasiyana pakuti yakaitwa kakawandisa. Hacktivists (vanhu vanobatanidzwa mumabasa aya) kazhinji haasi pashure pekuwana mari; pane kudaro, ivo vari kutarisa kuti vaite chirevo chechimwe rudzi. Chinangwa chekutanga cheHadcktivism chiri kukuvadza nokuda kwechikonzero; panzvimbo yekusateerera kwevagari vehurumende, iyo inopesana nedhigiriyuta kushandisa Indaneti sechinhu chakakosha chekushandisa nheyo yekutakura shoko ravo pasi rese.
Vanokurumidza kushandisa midzi inowanika paIndaneti, zvose zviri pamutemo uye izvo zvingafungidzirwa zvisina kutenderwa, mukutsvaka kwavo mharidzo inokosha kwavari; kunyanya kupoteredza nyaya dzezvematongerwe enyika uye dzekodzero dzevanhu.
Nei Kutya Hacktivism Kwave Kwakakurumbira?
Imwe magazini inobva kuGeorgetown pamusoro pekuwedzera kweHacktivism yakataura izvi munaSeptember 2015 pamusoro pekuti nei hucktivism yakave yakakurumbira zvikuru:
"Hacktivism, kusanganisira hurumende yakabhadharwa kana kutungamirirwa neHadtivtivism, inogona kuva nzira inowedzera kuwanzana yekureva kusagumburwa uye kutora zvakananga kuvadzivisi. Inopa nzira iri nyore uye isingadhuri kuita chirevo uye kukuvadza pasina kuisa pangozi kupomerwa pasi pemutemo wepamutemo kana kupindura pasi pemutemo wenyika dzakawanda. Kudzingirira kunopa vasina vatsigiri vekuita imwe nzira inofadza kune mhirizhonga mumugwagwa uye vatsigiri vehurumende nzvimbo inofadza yekurwisa zvombo. Icho hachina kungova nzira dzinozivikanwa chete dzekuita zvekuita, asi zvakare nhumbi yehurumende yenyika iyo inopesana nehukama hwepasi pose uye mutemo wenyika dzakawanda. "
Vanokanganisa vanogona kuunganidza pasi pemubatanidzwa wezvinokonzera pasi rose pasina chikonzero chekufamba chero kupi zvako, izvo zvose zviri kupa simba kune mumwe nomumwe uye boka rezviito nekuedza kushandiswa kwe digital.
Nokuti kuwanika kweWebhu kune mari shoma, vatengi vanogona kuwana nekushandisa zvishandiso zvisina ruzivo uye zviri nyore kudzidza kuti vaite mabasa avo. Uyezve, nokuti zvose izvi zvinowanzoitika muInternet, kune ngozi shoma kune vanhu vanobatanidzwa mumuviri pamwe chete nemutemo sezvo vazhinji vezvikwata izvi hacktivism hazvifambiswi nemitemo yezvemitemo kunze kwekunge iine humwe hutano hwekunyama kana hwemari.
Chii Chinowanzodiwa Targetist?
Nemhaka yekuti hupfumi hunoshandisa hucktivists huri paIndaneti, chero chii zvacho uye chero ani zvake anogona kuve chinangwa. Kunyange zvazvo chinangwa cheHacktivism chiri pachena kuti iwedzere ruzivo kune rumwe ruzivo, vazhinji vanopikisa hacktivist vanoenda mberi kupfuura izvozvo, zvichikonzera kushungurudzika uye kushungurudzika, nezviito zvakawanda zvinopera mukuvhiringidzwa kwebasa, kurasika mukurumbira, kana kudemba kweshoko.
"Chimbo chacho chinonyanya kuwanika, teknolojia yakanyanya kuoma," akadaro Chenxi Wang, vamiririri vamiririri vane mutoro wekuchengeteka paForrester Research. "Zvinhu zvose zviri paIndaneti - hupenyu hwako, hupenyu hwangu - hunoita kuti huwedzere kuuraya." - Hacktivism: Where Next for Hackers Ane Chikonzero
Nyika iri paIndaneti, saka zvinangwa zveHadtivtivism iLegio. Vashandi vekutengesa vakananga hurumende dzenyika, makambani makuru, uye vatungamiriri vakakurumbira vezvematongerwo enyika. Vakatorawo hurumende dzemasangano, kusanganisira madhipatimendi emapurisa uye zvipatara. Nenguva dzakawanda hacktivists vanobudirira zvikuru kana vachitevera masangano mashoma akadai nokuti havasi ivo vakagadzirirwa kuchengeteka-vakachenjera kuzvidzivirira pachavo pamusoro pezvakawanda zvekupikisa kwedhigiri.
Ishaktivism Yakanaka Here Kana Yakaipa?
Mhinduro yakajeka ndeyekuti inogona kuonekwa seyakanaka kana yakaipa, zvichienderana nerutivi rupi iwe ungangodaro uri kumhanya.
Somuenzaniso, pane zviitiko zvakasiyana zvevashandi vanoshanda pamwe chete kukurudzira nzira dzekutaura vakasununguka, kunyanya kune dzimwe nyika dzine mazano ane hurumende anokonesa kuwana ruzivo.
Vanhu vazhinji vaizoona izvi semuenzaniso wehacktivism yakanaka.
Vanhu vazhinji vanogona kuvhiringidza hacktivism ne cyberterrorism. Izvo zviviri zvakafanana pakuti ivo vose vari vaviri vanoitwa zvikuru paIndaneti, asi iyo ndiyo iyo kufanana kunoguma. Cyberterrorism inomirira kukonzera kukuvadza kwakanyanya (zvakadai sekuurayiwa kwemuviri uye / kana kukanganisa kwemari). Hacktivism inomirira kukurudzira kune imwe nyaya.
Mazhinji hacktivism aizotorwa semutemo kunze kwemitemo yakawanda yepamutemo uye yepasi rose, zvisinei, sezvo kukanganisa kunowanikwa mumabasa akawanda e hacktivist kunofungidzirwa sezvishoma, zvishomanana zvezviitiko izvi chaizvoizvo zvinoendeswa kuburikidza nekupomerwa. Mukuwedzera, nekuda kwenyika yose ye hacktivism uye chiso chisingazivikanwi chevanhu vakawanda vanobatanidzwa, zvakaoma kutarisa kuti ndiani ari kunyanya kutarisira.
Vamwe vangataura kuti hacktivism inowira pasi pemubhadharo wekutaura pasina uye inofanira kudzivirirwa zvakakodzera; vamwe vaizoti kukanganiswa kubva pamabasa aya kunopesana nekutaura kwekusununguka mukukuvadza kwekambani nemamwe vanhu.
Ndeapi Inowanikwa Maitiro eHartivism?
Sezvo Indaneti ichienderera mberi kuchinja, kuchava nehuwandu hwezvimwe zvinhu hacktivists inogona kushandisa zvakakwana kuitira kuti iite zvinokonzera. Dzimwe nzira dzinowanzoshandiswa muHadcktivism dzinosanganisira zvinotevera:
Kunyora : Kuita, kushandiswa kwe "zvinyorwa", kana kuti "docs" zvinoreva nzira yekuwana, kugoverana, uye kuzivisa ruzivo rwevanhu pachavo paWebhu pane webhusaiti, musangano, kana imwe nzvimbo inosvika panzvimbo inowanikwa pachena.
Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira mazita ose ezvemutemo, adresi, kero dzebasa, nhamba yefoni, aderesi ye email, ruzivo rwemari, nezvimwe zvakawanda. Dzidza zvakawanda nezve doxing.
DDoS : Pfupi ye "Kuparidzirwa Kutamba Kwebasa", iyi ndeimwe yemamwe marudzi anowanzoita hacktivism nokuti inoshanda. DDoS kurwisa ndiko kushandiswa kwakarongeka kwemakombiyuta akawanda kuitira kuti kusvitsa huwandu hwemotokari kuenda kune webhusaiti kana paIndaneti-yakagadzirirwa chinhu, nechinangwa chikuru chekuita kuti webhusaiti kana chimbo zviende zvachose pasi. Vanodzidzira vakashandisa nzira iyi kubudirira kubvisa mawebhengi epaibhangi, mabhizimusi epamusoro, mawebsite, nezvimwewo.
Deta Dhechi: Tichimbove tave tichiziva panguva ino nechinangwa chekuzvidzivirira. Izvi zvinopesana nedzimwe nzira dzinosangana nedzimwe ruzivo rwekutsvaga uye dzinoshandisa deta iyi kuti iite unyengeri, inokumbira zvikwereti uye makadhi emakwereti, kunyora mabheji akadai, uye kuendesa mari zvisiri pamutemo, kuba zvinhu zvepfungwa, kutanga kupesana kwehupfumi, nezvimwe zvakawanda. Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pokuchengeta mashoko ako akachengeteka paIndaneti .
Kuparadza / Kudzingwa kweIndaneti Zvitadzo : Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvakakurumbira zvinowanzoitwa hacktivism, kukanganisa kemo mukati memucheto kumashure kwewebsite yakananga uye chinangwa chaicho chiri kuparadza shoko rewebsite pane imwe nzira. Izvi zvingasanganisira kushatisa zvachose webhusaiti yacho pachayo, kushatisa kushanda kuitira kuti vashandi vasakwanise kuwana, uye / kana kutumira mharidzo ye hacktivist.
Izvi zvinoshandawo pakutsvaga muhuwandu hwemagariro evanhu . Vanodzivirira vanogona kuwana zvido zvavo zvemajeri ezveshumo nevanotsigira mashoko anotsigira mameseji avo.
Nemhaka yokuti masangano akawanda ane nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzepaIndaneti, mikana yakanyatsozarurirwa kune hacktivists. Nhepfenyuro yemagariro evanhu anosanganisira Facebook , Google+ , Twitter , Pinterest , LinkedIn , uye YouTube . Pasi pose-inotarisana neIndaneti zvinhu zvakadai sewebsite, intranet yekambani, uye zvivako zveimeri zvakare zvinangwa. Masangano ehurumende ehuwandu hwemashoko akadai seIPs , masangano ekukurumidzira, uye nhare dzepurogiramu dziriwo pangozi kubva kune hacktivists vanotarisira kuisa chiratidzo.
Ndezvipi Zvimwe Mienzaniso Yokushamwaridzana?
Kuwedzera kweHadtivtivism kuchaenderera mberi zvikuru sezvo zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa pakuvhiringidza kwakakosha kwema digital zvinowanikwa zviri nyore. Heano mienzaniso mishoma ye hacktivism:
- Muna 2016, vatengesi vakatanga cyberattack kuzorwa nehutano hweMicrosoft webhusaiti yepamusoro kuti vafunge nezveFinst crisis crisis. MunaMay, vakatarisana neWorld Carolina hurumende dzewebsite kuti vapikise mutemo wezvematongerwo enyika unoda kuti vanhu vaiddle vanoshandisa dzimba dzekushambidza dzinofanana nekurara pabheti yavo yekuzvarwa. Uye munaJuly, ivo vakatora chinangwa muguta reBaton Rouge webusaiti mushure mokunge mapurisa anouraya achipfura munhu wekunyama. - PBS.org, Hacktivists Kutanga Cyberattacks Against Local State Hurumende
- Nhoroondo dzevanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni matatu muMontona dzakaputsika uye dzikaratidzirwa nevanokuvadza kuburikidza nehurumende Dhipatimendi reMagariro evanhu neHuman Services systems.
- Mapurisa emakombiyuta emapurisa muFerguson, Missouri akanga achirwiswa zvakanyanya nevanotambudza vachiona kuzivikanwa kwevanhu vanobatanidzwa mumapurisa akakavhiringidza.
- Mhemberero dzekunze kune dzimwe nyika dzakasarudzwa muhurumende yeUnited States dzinosanganisira kwete hurumende kune dzimwe nyika, asi humwe hurumende huri kutarisa kuti iite chirevo chezvematongerwo enyika. Izvi zvinosanganisira WikiLeaks chekuvharwa kweDemocratic National Committee (DNC) emaimeri nevanonzi vasingazivi.
- Vazhinji hacktivists vanoita pane mumwe munhu kuratidzira pane zvavanoona sekusaruramisira, asi kune vamwe, kusungirirana pamwe nesangano kunoratidzika kuva nekunzwisisa kuvapa mamwe masimba. Rimwe remasangano makuru anonzi hacktivist ndeyekunyoresa kunonzi Anonymous, boka iro rave rakataurira mamiriyoni evanhu vanonyanyisa kukuvadza hacktivist mumakore achangopfuura.
Nzira Yokudzivirira Sei Hacktivism
Kunyange apo pachava nehutambudzi hwekuti vatya vanoziva vachakwanisa kushandisa, ndeyekuchenjera kutora matanho. Izvi zvinotevera mazano anokwanisa kukubatsira kuti urambe wakachengeteka pakutsvaga kusingadikanwi kubva kune imwe nzvimbo inobva kune imwe nzvimbo:
- Shandisa chirongwa chekuchengetedzwa kwetachiona uye chirongwa chekuona
- Chengetedza vanhu vako vanotarisana nenhoroondo paInternet - izvi zvinosanganisira maimeri, mawebsite, masangano evanhu, mafaira ekutsvaga nzvimbo, nezvimwewo.
- Chenjerera kuti hapana ruzivo rwako rwekuzviziva ruwanike paIndaneti (ona Maitiro Okuti Ugare Wakachengeteka paIndaneti kuti uwane mamwe mashoko)
- Gadzirisa zvirongwa zvako uye mapurogiramu ezvidziviriro nguva dzose kuitira kuti uchenjerere pane zvinogona kutyisidzira
Hapana nzira inokundikana-yakachengeteka yekuchengetedza munhu kana sangano rakatsunga kuita basa rehacktivist, asi rakachenjera kugadzirira zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kuitira kuti uve nechigadziriro chekudzivirirwa chakachengeteka panzvimbo.