Indaneti inopindirana yakawanda yekombiyuta mitambo ine mamiriyoni emaikiruta ekushandisa. Desktop makombiyuta, zvinyorwa zvinyorwa, mafoni, mapiritsi, mapiyona eGPS, mavhidhiyo emitambo yevhidhiyo nemashandisirwo akachenjera ese anowanirana neIndaneti. Hapana sangano rimwe chete rine uye rinodzora internet.
IWebhu Rwenyika Yose, kana webhupu shoma, ndiyo nzvimbo iyo zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinoshandiswa kuvashandisi veIndaneti. Tsva yewebhu ine zvinyorwa zvinonyanya kuwanikwa paIndaneti uye-zvichida-zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvinotanga kushandiswa nevashandisi vese.
Kune mutanga anoedza kuve nechinangwa chendaneti uye yeWorld Wide Web, kunzwisisa kwemashoko ekutanga kunofanira kubatsira.
01 ye20
Browser
Kutanga uye vashandisi vepaIndaneti vakakurumbira vose vanokwanisa kuwana webhu kuburikidza ne web browser software, iyo inowanikwa pamakombiyuta nemichina yekushandisa panguva yekutenga. Mamwe mabheji anogona kubudiswa kubva paIndaneti.
Kushandura isiri software software kana mobile app inokubvumira kuona ma webhu, mapikicha, uye zvakanyanya zviri mukati. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinonyanya kuwanikwa pawebhu dzinosanganisira Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer , uye Safari, asi pane dzakawanda zvizhinji.
Browser software yakanyatsogadzirirwa kushandura HTML uye XML kombiyuta yemakombiyuta mumabhuku akaverengwa-nevanhu.
Browsers inoratidza mawebhu web. Peji yega yega yega ine kero yakasiyana inonzi URL.
02 ye20
Webpage
Peji yepawebhu ndizvo zvaunoona mu browser yako kana uri paIndaneti. Funga nezveji yepawebhu iwe peji mumagazini. Iwe unogona kuona mavara, mapikicha, mifananidzo, mifananidzo, zvibatanidza, zviziviso uye zvizhinji pane peji ipi yauri kuona.
Kazhinji, iwe unonyorera kana kutora pane imwe nzvimbo yewebhu kuti uwedzere ruzivo kana kuenda kune rimwe peji rewebhu. Kushandura pakabatana-snippet yemashoko akanyorwa muvaravara akasiyana nezvose zvakanyorwa-inokutora kune imwe nzvimbo yewebhu. Kana iwe uchida kudzoka shure, unoshandisa miseve yakagadzirirwa chinangwa ichocho munenge mutsvaga wese.
Mamwe mapeji ewebhu pane imwe nyaya inoenderana anoita webhusaiti.
03 we20
URL
Uniform Resource Locators -URLs- ndeyekutsvaga webhusaiti yemapeji ewebhu uye mafaira. Ne URL, unogona kuwana uye kuisa mabhuku mamwe mapeji uye mafaira ewebhu yako. URL dzinogona kuwanikwa matipoteredza. Dzinogona kuve dzakanyorwa pasi pebhizinesi makadhi, pamatafura eTV panguva dzekutengeserana, zvakabatanidzwa mune zvinyorwa zvaunoverenga paIndaneti kana zvinowanikwa neimwe yezvinjini zvekutsvaga paIndaneti. Mhando ye URL inofanana neizvi:
- http://www.examplewebsite.com/mypage
iyo inogara ichifupiswa kune ichi:
- www.examplewebsite.com/mypage
Dzimwe nguva ivo vari kure uye zvakaoma, asi vose vanoteerera mitemo yekutumidza mazita URL.
URL dzine zvikamu zvitatu kutarisa peji kana faira:
- Iyo protocol ndiyo chikamu chinopera mu //: Maji akawanda ewebhu anoshandisa protocol http kana https, asi kune mamwe maitiro.
- Mutariri kana nzvimbo yepamusoro-soro, iyo inowanzoguma mu .com, .com, .edu kana .org asi inogonawo kuguma mune imwe yevamwe yakave yakagamuchirwa zviri pamutemo.
- Zita rekutsvaga kana peji rinonzi zita pacharo.
04 we20
HTTP neHTTPS
HTTP ndiyo izwi re "Hypertext Transfer Protocol," nhamba yekutaurirana kwemashoko emuwebhu. Apo peji yepawebhu ine chinyorwa ichi, zvibatanidza, zvinyorwa, uye mifananidzo zvinofanira kushanda zvakanaka mu web browser yako.
HTTPS inoreva "Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure." Izvi zvinoratidza kuti peji yepawebhu ine ruzivo rwakakosha rwekutsvaga yakawedzerwa kuvanza ruzivo rwako rwega uye mapepasi kubva kune vamwe. Nguva ipi zvayo paunopinda ku-akhawunti yebhangi yako yepaIndaneti kana nzvimbo yekutengesa yaunopinda mazano ekadhi rechikwereti, tarisa "https" mu URL yekuchengeteka.
05 of 20
HTML uye XML
Mutauro weHypertext Markup ndiwo mutauro wekushandura wepawebhu. HTML inorayira web browser yako kuti iratidze mavara uye mafirimu mune mamwe mafashoni. Kutanga vashandisi veIndaneti havadi kuti vazive HTML coding kuti vafarire mawebvu rurimi rwekugadzirira runowanikwa kune vashandisi.
XML inonzi EXtensible Markup Mutauro, munun'una ku HTML. XML inotarisa pakurongedza nekunyora zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvewebhu peji.
XHTML inosanganiswa ye HTML uye XML.
06 we20
IP Address
Kombiyuta yako uye imwe neimwe yepayidi inobatanidza neIndaneti inoshandisa Internet Protocol address yekuzivikanwa. Muzviitiko zvizhinji, kero dze IP dzakapiwa kamwe chete. Vatangesi havawanzodi kugovera IP kero. An IP kero inogona kutarisa chimwe chinhu chakadai:
- 202.3.104.55
kana zvakadaro
- 21DA: D3: 0: 2F3B: 2AA: FF: FE28: 9C5A
Kwose kombiyuta, foni uye foni device inosvika paIndaneti inopiwa kero ye IP yekutsvaga zvinangwa. Inogona kunge iri IP address yakagadziriswa, kana kuti IP inogona kuchinja dzimwe nguva, asi nguva dzose inenge iri yakasiyana.
Kwose kwaunotarisa, pose paunotumira email kana mharidzo pakarepo, uye pose paunotora faira, IP address yako inoshanda seyanofanana nekavhareti yemotokari yemotokari kuti inomirire kugadzirisa uye kutevedza.
07 we20
ISP
Iwe unoda mupi wepaInternet Service Provider kuenda kune internet. Iwe unokwanisa kuwana ISP yekusununguka kuchikoro, raibhurari kana basa, kana iwe unogona kubhadhara ISP yega pamba. An ISP ndiyo sangano kana sangano rehurumende rinokubudisira mu internet yakawanda.
An ISP inopa maitiro akasiyana-siyana emitengo yakasiyana-siyana: webhuji yepamusoro yekuwana, email, webpage kubata nekudaro. Yakawanda ISPs inopa hutano hwakasiyana-siyana hwehutano hwemutambo hwemwedzi wepamwedzi. Iwe unogona kusarudza kubhadhara zvimwe zvekutsvaga kwekutengesa internet kana iwe uchida kuisa mafirimu kana kusarudza purogiramu inodhura kana iwe ukashandisa intaneti kunyanya kutsvaga chiedza uye email.
08 we20
Router
A router kana router-modem kusanganiswa ndiro chipfeti che hardware chinoshanda seyomufambisi wemotokari kune zviratidzo zvemagetsi kusvika paimba yako kana bhizinesi kubva paI ISP yako. A router inogona kusvibiswa kana kusina foni kana zvose.
Router yako inopa utsigiro kune vanonyangadza uye inotungamirira zvinyorwa kune imwe kombiyuta, chigadzirwa, purogiramu yekudhinda kana kuti printer inofanira kuigamuchira.
Kazhinji ISP yako inopa hutaneti router iyo inoshandiswa nekuda kwebasa rako rekutengesa. Kana ichiita, router inogadzirirwa zvakakodzera. Kana ukasarudza kushandisa router yakasiyana, ungada kuisa ruzivo mukati maro.
09 we20
Imeyili inotumira mameseji . Iko kutumira uye kugamuchira kwemichina yekunyora kubva kune imwe skrini kune imwe. E-mail inowanzogadziriswa ne webmail service-Gmail kana Yahoo Mail, somuenzaniso, kana yakaiswa purogiramu yeprogram yakadai seMicrosoft Outlook kana Apple Mail.
Vatangotanga vanotanga nekusika imwe kero ye email yavanopa kumhuri dzavo neshamwari. Zvisinei, iwe hausi wekero imwechete kana kuti ye-email yesebhisi. Iwe unogona kusarudza kuwedzera dzimwe kero dze email dzekutenga paIndaneti, bhizinesi kana kuti mitambo yekunamata.
10 kubva ku20
Imeyiri Spam neMafuta
Spam ndiro zita rezita risina kudiwa uye risina kukumbirwa. Spam email inouya muzvikamu zviviri zvakakura: kukwirira-kutengesa mabhuku, izvo zvinoshungurudza, uye vanovhundutsa vachiedza kukukwezva iwe mukubudisa pachena mapepawedi ako, ayo ane ngozi.
Kuchengetedza ndiko kuzvidzivirira-asi-kusakwana kudarika spam. Kuchengetedza kunowanikwa kune vakawanda vemu-email vatengi. Kuchengetedza kunoshandisa software iyo inoshandisa yako inosvika email ye keyword inosanganiswa uye zvino inobvisa kana kuvhara mazita anoonekwa kunge spam. Tsvaga fomu kana kuti isina junk mubhokisi rako remas mail kuti uone email yako yakasarudzwa kana yakasvibiswa.
Kuti uzvidzivirire kune vanokuvadza vanoda ruzivo rwenyu pachavo, fungidzira. Bhengi yako haizokutumira email uye ikumbire password yako. Munhu uyu muNigeria haadi chaizvo nhamba yako yebhangi yebhangi. Amazon haisi kukupai pachena $ 50 chipo chechipo. Chinhu chipi nechipi chinonzwika kuti chakanyanya kuve chechokwadi hachisi chokwadi. Kana iwe usina chokwadi, usanamanidza chero zvikwangwani mune email uye taura nemutumire (bhanki rako kana ani naniver) zvakasiyana kuti uonekwe.
11 kubva ku20
Social Media
Zvemagariro ehupfumi ndiyo nguva yakareba chero ipi zvayo yekushandisa paIndaneti inoita kuti vashandisi vabatane nezviuru zvevamwe vashandisi. Facebook ne Twitter ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzakawanda dzekugara panzvimbo dzevanhu. LinkedIn inobatanidza hutano uye hunyanzvi nzvimbo. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzakakurumbira dzinosanganisira YouTube, Google+, Instagram, Pinterest, Snapchat, Tumblr, uye Reddit.
Nzvimbo dzezvemagariro evanhu dzinopa mabhii asina mahwende kune vose Paunosarudza avo vanofarira iwe, bvunza shamwari dzako nemhuri yako zvavari. Nenzira iyo unokwanisa kubatana neboka apo iwe watoziva vanhu kare.
Sezvo nezvose zvinhu zvine chokuita neInternet, chengetedza ruzivo rwako pachako paunopinda kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Vakawanda vavo vanopa chikamu chevamwe vega paunokwanisa kusarudza chii chekuzarurira kune vamwe vashandisi vewebsite.
12 pa20
E-Commerce
E-yekutengeserana yebhizimisi yekutengeserana-kutengeserana kwebhizimisi kutengesa nekutenga paIndaneti. Zuva rimwe nerimwe, mabhiriyoni emadhora anoshandurana achishandisa internet uye World Wide Web.
Kutengesa kweIndaneti kwakaputika mukuzivikanwa nevashandisi vepaIndaneti, kune zvinokuvadza zvidhinha zvidhinha-uye-matenga zvivako uye malls. Munhu wose anozivikanwa mutengesi ane webhusaiti inoratidza uye inotengesa michina yayo. Kuzvibatanidza kune zvikamu zviduku zvitsuwa zvinotengesa michina uye nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinotengesa zvinenge zvose.
E-bhizimusi inoshanda nokuti ruzivo rwakakwana runogona kuvimbiswa kuburikidza neHTTPS mapeji ewebhu akachengeteka anonyora ruzivo rwemunhu oga uye nokuti mabhizimisi anovimbika anokoshesa internet semutauro wekutengeserana uye anoita kuti nzira iite nyore uye yakachengeteka.
Paunenge uchitenga paIndaneti, unokumbirwa kupinda kadhi rechikwereti, mashoko epa PayPal kana mamwe mashoko okubhadhara.
13 pa20
Encryption and Authentication
Kuchengetedza ndiko kwemasvomhu yekutsvaga kwedata kuitira kuti yakavanzwa kubva kunevesdroppers. Encryption inoshandisa yakaoma masvomhu maitiro kuitira kuti data yega yega ishandiswe pane gobbledygook isina kuverenga iyo vanoverengi vanovimba chete vanogona kugumburwa.
Kufuridzirwa ndiyo nheyo yekuti tinoshandisa sei internet sepipeline kuti tiite bhizinesi rakatendwa, semabhengi ekuInternet uye muIndaneti makadhi ekubhadhara. Kana kuvharidzirwa kwakavimbika kuri munzvimbo, nhoroondo yako yebhangi uye nhamba dzekadhi rechikwereti dzinochengetwa pachedu.
Kutendeseka kunowirirana zvakananga nekinyorwa. Kutendeseka ndiyo nzira yakaoma iyo makombiyuta anotarisa kuti iwe ndiwe unoti iwe uri.
14 pa20
Kudzingwa
Kudhinda izwi rinoshandiswa rinotsanangura kuendesa chimwe chinhu chaunowana pane internet kana World Wide Web kwakombiyuta yako kana kuti imwe shumbi. Kazhinji, kuregera kunosanganiswa nenziyo, mimhanzi uye software mafaira. Somuenzaniso, ungada ku:
- Dharirai mutsva mutsva mutsva wefoni yako
- Tora kopi yekuedza yeMicrosoft Office.
Iyo huru iyo faira yauri kuitora, iyo yakaderera inotora kuti iende kune kombiyuta yako. Zvimwe zvinotora zvinoita masekondi; vamwe vanotora maminitsi kana kupfuura zvichienderana ne internet yako.
Mawebvu anopa mashoko anogona kubudiswa anowanzonyatsoratidzwa neBhodhi yeKundanidza (kana chimwe chinhu chakafanana).
15 kubva ku20
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing yakatanga senzwi kurondedzera software yakanga iri paIndaneti uye yakweretwa, panzvimbo yekutenga uye kuiswa pane kombiyuta yako. Web-based email ndeimwe muenzaniso we cloud computing. E-mail yemushandisi yose yakachengetedzwa uye yakawanikwa mugore re internet.
Gore racho nderokushandurwa kwema1970 mainframe computing model. Sechikamu chegore computing model, software sebasa ibhizimisi yemuenzaniso inotora vanhu vangada kubhadhara software kupfuura ivo. Ne web browser dzavo, vashandisi vanogona kuwana gore paIndaneti uye vanopinda mumakopi avo akashandiswa paIndaneti yep c -based-based software.
Kuwedzerwa, mazano anopa gore kuchengetwa kwefaira kuti zvive nyore kukwanisa mafaira ako kubva kune imwe chete yedhidhi. Zvinokwanisika kuchengetedza mafaira, mapikicha, uye mifananidzo mumakore ndokubva wavawana kubva kune laptop, foni, piritsi kana imwe shumbi. Cloud computing inobatanidza pakati pevanhu vari pamafuta akafanana mumakore anokwanisa.
16 pa20
Firewall
Firewall ishoko rechiito rinotsanangura chipingamupinyi chekuparadzwa. Muchiitiko chekombiyuta, firewall ine software kana hardware inodzivirira kombiyuta yako kubva kuvashambadzi uye mavairasi.
Kushandisa firewalls kubva pane zvishomanana zvekuvhiya software parikiti kune yakaoma uye inodhura software uye hardware solutions. Dzimwe moto dzinopisa rusununguko . Akawanda makombiyuta ngarava ine firewall iwe unogona kuita. Mhando dzose dzemhando dzemakombiyuta moto dzinopa rumwe rudzi rwekuchengetedzwa nevashambadzi kuparadza kana kutora kombiyuta yako.
Kungofanana nevamwe vose, vatangisi vepanternet vanofanira kuvhara moto kuti vashandise pachavo kuchengetedza makombiyuta avo kubva kumavirusi uye malware.
17 pa20
Malware
Dareware ndiyo izwi rakadzama kurondedzera chero purogiramu yakaipa yakagadzirwa nevashambadzi. Malware inosanganisira zvirwere, trojans, keyloggers, zombie zvirongwa uye chero ipi zvayo inofanirwa kuita chimwe chezvinhu zvina:
- Vandalize kombiyuta yako neimwe nzira
- Tora mashoko ako ega ega
- Tora kure kurega kwekombiyuta yako (zombie kombiyuta yako) kune zvimwe zvinogumira
- Kukuita iwe kutenga chimwe chinhu
Zvirongwa zvisingabatsiri ndezvenguva mabhomba uye madhimoni akaipa evanhu vasina kutendeseka. Zvidzivirire nemoto wekudzivirira moto uye ruzivo rwekudzivirira sei zvirongwa izvi kuti usvike pakombiyuta yako
18 pa20
Trojan
Chero trojan chirongwa chaiyo chepurogiramu chinonyanya kuvimba nemushandisi kuti agamuchire uye oite. Inonzi zita rakakurumbira re Trojan horse tale, purogiramu ye trojan inoita sefaira rakakodzera kana software software.
Dzimwe nguva iyo ine firimu-firimu rekuona isina mhosva-kana installer iyo inofungidzira kuva yechokwadi anti-hacker software. Simba rekurwisa trojan rinobva kuvashandisi vachidzivirira nekushandisa trojan file.
Zvidzivirire kuburikidza nekurega kutora mafaira anotumirwa kwauri emaimeri kana kuti iwe unowona pawebsite dzisina kujairika.
19 pa20
Phishing
Phishing ndeyekushandisa ma-emails anotarisa uye mapeji ekutengesa iwe kukunyengedza kuisa nhamba dzako dzekodhesi uye passwords / PIN. Kakawanda muhutano hweHayPal kunyeverwa kwemashoko kana fake mabhenji ekugadzirisa zvikwangwani, kupesana kwehupenzi kunogona kugutsikana kune ani zvake asina kurovedzwa kutarisa zvinyorwa zvisiri nyore. Semitemo, vashandisi vakachenjera-vatangi uye vashandisi venguva yakareba zvakafanana-havafaniri kuvimba nehupi chero hupi hupi hwemashoko ehudhi hunoti "iwe unofanirwa kupinda nekutsigira izvi."
20 kubva ku20
Blogs
A blog ndeyemunyori wemazuva ano wemunyori. Vanyori uye vanyori vezvidzidzo vanobudisa mabhuku pamarudzi ose ehurukuro: zvavanofarira pakupa peplatball uye tennis, maonero avo pamusoro pehutano hwehutano, zvinyorwa zvavo pamusoro pevanhu vanokanganisa makuhwa, mifananidzo yemabhizimisi emifananidzo yaidiwa kana mazano epurogiramu ekushandisa Microsoft Office. Zvechokwadi munhu wose anogona kutanga blog.
Mablogi anowanzorongeka nguva yechronologically uye ane maitiro mashoma kupfuura webhusaiti. Vakawanda vavo vanobvuma uye vanopindura pamhinduro. Mabhugi anowirirana muhutano kubva pakudenga kusvika kune unyanzvi. Vamwe vanogadzira mablogi vanowana mari inonzwisisika nemari kuburikidza nokutengesa kushambadzira pamapeji avo epa blog.