(Izvozvo zviri pamutemo zvakanyanya)
Kugovana mimhanzi paIndaneti: vamwe vanyori vanoivenga, vamwe vanyori vanochida. Hazvisi zviri pamutemo muU.SA. Yakave isina kunyanya kuwanikwa muCanada. Uye mamiriyoni evanhu vanozviita zuva rega roga, zvisinei.
I & # 39; s inonzi & # 34; Peer-to-Peer Sharing & # 34; (P2P)
Yakavakirwa pamubatanidzwa wekubatana kwezviuru zvevashandisi vese. P2P inoshanda nekuita kuti vatori vechido vazviise nyore kuisa purogiramu chaiyo yekugovera mafaira pamichina yavo. Kana purogiramu iyo yeP2P iripo, vashandisi ava vanotanga kutengesa mimhanzi MP3 uye maAVI emimhanzi yavo yavanofarira uye mafirimu. Kugoverana kunoshandiswa nemumwe munhu anoshandisa kugovana zvishoma zvishoma panguva. Hapana chekubhadhara, hapana mari ... inenge iri nyore sekuita Google kutsvaga.
Iyi faira yekutengeserana, inonzi "kuisa nekudzikinura", ndiyo inowanikwa P2P mumutambo wepanyika Kunyange zvazvo mafaira ari kazhinji makuru (kubva pa5 megabytes kusvika ku 5 gigabytes), software yeP2P inogona kuita kuti hutano hwepabonde bwenyu hubudirire nokukurumidza zvinoshamisa. Kune mamiriyoni evanhu, zvinobvira kukodha yose mimhanzi CD iri pasi peawa, uye iyo yose firimu iri pasi pemawa matatu.
Kupesana P2P
Kurwisana kukuru kuri pamusoro pekodzero nemari: iyo mimhanzi nevhidhiyo vemafirimu vanoti havabhadharwi zvakakodzera kana vashandisi vachigovera mafaira pasina arist
MuCanada, nhaurirano dzematare dzakagadzirwa kuti iyo hafu-yemutemo ... veCanada vanogona kukodha mimhanzi, asi kwete kuiisa, uye zviremera zveRCIA hazvifaniri kunge zvichibvumirwa kuona mazita evashandisi veSPP vane P2P. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika dzakafanana neU.SA, UK, Australia, neEurope, firidzi dzevafambisi dzichapomerwa mumatongerwo ekirasi, zvinowanzoita makumi ezviuru zvemadhora. Mumatambudziko mashoma ekutyisidzira, hurumende dzeAustralia neBrithani dzakapomera vamwe vafambisi vefaira mukutambudzwa korona. Asi pasinei nezviito izvi zvinotyisa zvemutemo, mamiriyoni evanhu achiri kutengesa mafaira mazuva ose.
Napster uye The History of P2P
Napster Inc. yakasikwa munaMay ra1999 na Shawn Fanning (PC Magazine Technical Excellence Award Winner Munhu wegore 2000) uye Sean Parker, vashandi varo. Basa re centralized yekugoverana mamiriyoni emitambo yemimhanzi, iyi yekutengesa kweP2P ye "real-time" yekutengeserana mafaira yakaisawo makamuri ehurukuro ne "pakarepo meseji" uye "hotlist" basa uye yakatowanikwa paDownload Spotlight yevakakurumbira Download Download.com .
Napster yakanga iri kubudirira zvikuru , vanopfuura mamiriyoni makumi manomwe evashandi vakabatana nayo. Kunyangwe zvinoshamisa: inofungidzirwa kuti 85% yevadzidzi vekoroji munyika yose yaiva chikamu cheboka iroro, uye vakakwanisa kutora 2.79 mabhiriyoni nziyo! Izvi zvakakonzerawo kukurudzira mega-artists Metallica uye Dr. Dre. Vanyori vaviri ava vakanyatsopikisa kushambadzira kwepachena kwemimhanzi yavo.
MunaDecember 1999, Recording Industry Association yeAmerica (RIAA) yakatanga kutongwa neNapster Inc., ichiripa mhosva yekuputsa kodzero dzekodzero (kureva, kugovera nekuita kuti vamwe vanhu vasavhiringidza kodzero).
- Cary Sherman, mukuru mukuru vamiririri wehurumende uye mukuru wezano reRIAA, akapfupikisa basa raNapster sokuti: "kuita kuti piracy iite, uye kuedza kuvaka bhizinesi kumashure evaridzi nevadzidzisi vekodzero".
- Metallica naDr. Dr. Dre vakataurawo nezvemhosva dzakapikisana neNapster nokuda kwekurwiswa katatu pamabasa ayo.
MunaFebruary 2001, mutongi akatonga kuti Napster aifanira kurega kugoverwa kwezvinyorwa zvekodzero kuburikidza nehutano hwavo. Rekodhi makambani akapa runyora rwemapurisa anopfuura 250 000 mazita ekubviswa kwepamusoro kweNetster's network. MunaJuly 2001, mutongi akaudza Napster kuti inofanira kudzivirira mafaira ose anopesana nekodzero yekodzero, kuburikidza achimanikidzira kuti ivhare. Napster yakapetwa munaSeptember 2002, mushure mekutengeswa kwayo kusina kubudirira kuna Bertelsmann AG.
Napster akaberekwazve nenzira yakaoma uye yakashambadza se "Napster 2.0", iyo zvino yava kupatsanurwa kwaRoxio, Inc. Napster 2.0 yakarongedza zvakanyatsorongeka zvakagadziriswa nemabhuku makuru emarenda. Chero bedzi iwe uchida kubhadhara mari yekushandisa ye $ 10 USD pamwedzi, unogona kutora zviri pamutemo nziyo dzinopfuura 500 000 kubva mumhando dzose dzemimhanzi paNetster 2.0. Zvinosuruvarisa, Napster 2.0 inongowanikwa kune vagari vemuUnited States, uye haichafari nehuwandu hutsva hwemazuva e1992 kusvika ku2000.
P2P Nhasi
Aya masangano akakwanisa kuvhara mumiririri wezvematongerwo enyika kusvikira pano: BitTorrents , Limewire, Gnutella, OpenNap, KaZaA, Morpheus, WinMX, uye FastTrack. Iyi misha yeP2P iri pasi pekutyisidzirwa kwekutongwa kwemhosva dzevanhu, asi mamiriyoni evashandisi achiri kushandisa mabasa avo zuva rega rega.