DNS ndiyo mushanduri pakati pe hostnames neIndaneti
Muchidimbu, Domain Name System (DNS) inounganidza databases iyo inoshandura mazita ekunyorera maIndaneti .
DNS inowanzonzi ibhuku refoni ye internet nokuti inoshandura nyore-kukuyeuka mazita ekunyorera se www.google.com , kuIndaneti pakero 216.58.217.46 . Izvi zvinoitika kumashure mushure mekunge ufananidza URL mubhurosi yebhundaneti yewebhu.
Pasina DNS (uye kunyanya kutsvakurudza injini yakafanana neGoogle), kufamba kweInternet hakuzove nyore sezvo isu tichifanira kupinda neIndaneti yega yega webhusaiti yatinoshanyira.
DNS Inoshanda Sei?
Kana zvisiri izvo zvisinganzwisisi, pfungwa huru yekuti DNS inobata sei basa iri iri nyore: imwe kero yewebhu yepawebhiti yakaiswa mune web browser (se Chrome, Safari, kana Firefox) inotumirwa kune DNS server , iyo inonzwisisa mapeji iyo zita rinowanikwa pakakodzera IP kero.
Ndiyo IP kero iyo madivashoni anoshandisa kukurukurirana mumwe nomumwe sezvo asingagoni uye asingatauri mashoko achishandisa zita rakafanana newww.google.com , www.youtube.com , nezvimwewo. Tinosvika kungopinda zita risina idzi mawebhusayithi apo DNS inoshandisa zvitsva zvese kwatiri, zvichitipa kuswedera pedyo-nguva pfupi pakakodzera maail IP kunoda kuzarura mapeji atinoda.
Zvakare, www.microsoft.com, www. , www.amazon.com , uye mamwe mazita ewebasa rekushandisa anongoshandiswa chete nekuda kwedu nokuti zviri nyore kwazvo kuyeuka mazita iwayo pane kuyeuka ma IP aderesi.
Makombiyuta anonzi midzi midziyo ane basa rekuchengetedza maInditi yePI yedzimba dzose dzepamusoro-soro . Apo webhusaiti inokumbirwa, ndiyo midzi midzi iyo inotanga iyo ruzivo rwekutanga kuitira kuti ione danho rinotevera mukutsvaga kwekutsvaga. Zvadaro, zita rezita rinotumirwa kune Domain Domain Resolver (DNR), iri mukati meIP , kuti ione yakakodzera IP kero. Pakupedzisira, ruzivo urwu rwunodzoserwa kune chiya chawakakumbira kubva.
Nzira Yokukurira DNS
Mashandisirwo akaita seWindows nevamwe vanochengetedza maIndaneti nemamwe mashoko pamusoro pezita rehostnam munzvimbo yeko kuitira kuti vagove vakakurumidza kupinda pane kugara vachienda kune DNS server. Apo kombiyuta inonzwisisa kuti rimwe zita remusangano rinowirirana neine imwe kero ye IP, iyo ruzivo inobvumirwa kuchengetwa, kana kuchengetedzwa pachigadzirwa.
Nekuyeuka DNS ruzivo runobatsira, dzimwe nguva inogona kuora kana kupera. Kazhinji sangano rinoshandiswa rinobvisa deta iyi mushure menguva yakati, asi kana uri nekutambudzika kusvika kune webhusaiti uye iwe unofungidzira kuti nemhaka yeDNS yakabuda, danho rokutanga ndokumanikidza-kubvisa ruzivo urwu kuti uwane nzvimbo itsva, yakarongedzwa DNS zvinyorwa.
Iwe unogona kukwanisa kungotangazve pakombiyuta yako kana uri kutambudzika neDNS nokuti DNS cache haina kuchengetwa kuburikidza nekugadzirisa zvakare. Zvisinei, kubudisa cache manyore panzvimbo yekugadzirisa zvakare kunokurumidza.
Iwe unogona kufambisa DNS muWindows kuburikidza na Command Command pamwe ne ipconfig / flushdns command . Iwe webhusaiti Ndeipi DNS yangu? ine mirayiridzo yekudhonza DNS yega yega yeWindows , pamwe ne macOS ne Linux.
Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti, zvichienderana nekuti iwe router yako yakagadzirirwa sei, DNS zvinyorwa zvingachengetwa ikoko zvakare. Kana kuvhara DNS cache pamakombiyuta yako hakugadziri DNS yako dambudziko, unofanira kunge uchiedza kuedzazve kubhura router yako kuti ushandise DNS cache.
Cherechedza: Kupindira muIfaira mazita hausi kubviswa apo DNS cache inopukunyuka yakachena. Iwe unofanirwa kuchinja iyo maFaira faira kuti ubvise mazita ehostnames neIndaneti dzinosungirwa ipapo.
Malware Inogona Kuita DNS Entries
Zvichipa kuti DNS inofanirwa kutungamirira hostnames kune mamwe maIndaneti, inofanira kuva pachena kuti ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yebasa rakaipa. Vatengesi vanogona kutamisazve chikumbiro chako chechigadziro chinowanzoshanda kune mumwe ari musungo wekutora mapepwords kana kushandira malware .
DNS poisoning uye DNS spoofing ndiyo mitemo inoshandiswa kurondedzera kurwisa pane DNS resolver cache kuitira chinangwa chekudzorera zita remubatanidzwa kune imwe kero ye IP kune izvo zvinonyatsotumirwa kune iyo zita remusangano, nekugadzirisa zvakananga kwaunoda kuenda. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa mukuedza kukuendesa iwe kune webhusaiti yakazara nemafuta anonyangadza kana kuita shanho yehupenzi yekukunyengedza kuti uwane webhusaiti yakatarisa yakafanana kuitira kuti ubate zvidzidzo zvako zvekupinda.
Zvose DNS mabasa anobatsira kudzivirira maitiro aya ekurwisa.
Imwe nzira yevanoshungurudza kuisa DNS kupinda mairi ndeye kushandisa maWeb file. Iyo yefaira iri faira rekuchengetedzwa kwemunharaunda iyo yakashandiswa panzvimbo yeDNS pamberi peDNS chaizvoizvo ikava chinhu chakapararira chekugadzirisa mazita evanhu, asi faira ichiripo mune zvakakurumbira maitiro ekushanda. Zvinyorwa zvakachengetwa mufaira iyoyo zvinopfuura DNS server settings, saka icho chinowanzodiwa kune malware.
Nzira iri nyore yekudzivirira mafaira emafaira kubva pakugadziriswa ndeyekuisa mararamiro eiri peji yekuverenga-chete . MuWindows, ingoenda kune faira iyo ine fomu yakawanda: % Systemdrive% \ Windows \ System32 \ drivers \ etc \ . Kungofa-koroka kana kubata-uye-kubata, sarudza Properties , uye woisa cheki iri mubhokisi riri pedyo neRead-only attribute .
Mamwe Mashoko pamusoro peDNS
IIPP iyo ikozvino inoshumira iwe kuwanika kwepaIndaneti yakapa DNS sevavhariji emafaira ako kuti ashandise (kana iwe wakabatana neDHCP ), asi haunomanikidzika kubatisana nevaya veseva DNS. Mamwe mapeji anogona kupa zvikamu zvekugadzira matanho kutarisa mawebhusayithi akashanyira, mabhizimisi ekubudisa, mafiriji evanhu vakuru, nezvimwe zvinhu. Ona urongwa urwu rweVhandi uye Ruzhinji DNS Vashumiri kune dzimwe mienzaniso yevanoshandiswa DNS dzimwe.
Chero kombiyuta iri kushandisa DHCP kuwana kero ye IP kana kuti iri kushandisa static IP kero , unogona kutsanangura maitiro eDNS maitiro. Zvisinei, kana isisiri kuiswa neDHCP, unofanira kufanidza mavhareji eDNS anofanira kuaishandisa.
Zvinotsanangurwa DNS sepiramiti sepamusoro zvinotangira pane zvakakwana, zvakadzika-pasi. Mune mamwe mazwi, ndiyo DNS yekugadzirisa iri pedyo nedhiyo iyo inoshandisa iyo. Somuenzaniso, kana ukashandura DNS sepiramiti pane router yako kune chimwe chinhu chakanaka, ipapo zviyero zvose zvakabatanidzwa kuna router zvichashandisa zvakare ma seva DNS. Zvisinei, kana iwe ukazoshandura DNS server maitiro pane PC pane chimwe chinhu chakasiyana , iyo kombiyuta ichave iri kushandisa DNS mavhareji akasiyana kupfuura mamwe madivayiri akabatanidzwa kune rimwe router.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero icho chakaora DNS cache pamakombiyuta yako chinogona kudzivirira mawebhusayithi kubva pakuteerera kunyange kana zvimwe zvakafanana zvingavhurwa kazhinji pane kombiyuta yakasiyana pane imwechete network.
Kunyange zvazvo URL dzatinowanzopinda muma web browser dzedu dziri nyore kutora mazita akaita se www. , unogona kushandisa nzvimbo yeI IP iyo zita remusangano rinotaura, se https://151.101.1.121) kuti uwane imwe webhusaiti. Izvi ndechokuti iwe uchiri kufambira kune imwechete sevha nenzira imwe neimwe - imwe nzira (kushandisa zita) zviri nyore kukuyeuka.
Pamusoro pechinyorwa ichocho, kana pane imwe nguva yakakonzerwa nemutambo wako unosangana neDNS server, unogona kugara uchiipfuura nokupinda kero ye IP panzvimbo yebar address pane zita remubati. Vanhu vazhinji havachengetedze mazita epaIndaneti mazita ayo anowirirana nemazita, asi, shure kwezvose, ndicho chinangwa chose chekushandisa seDNS server pakutanga.
Cherechedza: Izvi hazvishandisi newebsite yepawebsite neIndaneti kubva pane dzimwe seva webhudziro dzakagovana kugadzirisa, izvo zvinoreva kuti kuwanika kero ye IP ye server kuburikidza newebhu web browser haina kutsanangura peji ipi, kunyanya, inofanira kuzarura.
Iyo "bhuku refoni" rinoona iyo inotarisa IP kero inobva pane zita reimba inonzi " forward DNS lookup" . Kusiyana, reverse DNS lookup , chimwe chinhu chingaitwa neDNS sevavhisi. Iyi ndiyo apo zita reimba rinotaridzirwa neIndaneti yaro. Rudzi urwu rwekutsvaga runotsigira pfungwa yokuti IP address inosanganiswa neyoyo mazita mazita ndeye static IP kero.
DNS databases akachengetedza zvinhu zvizhinji mukuwedzera kuIndaneti uye hostnames. Kana iwe wakambogadzira email pane webhusaiti kana kuti wakatumidzwa zita rezita, iwe unogona kumhanya mumagariro akaita sezita remaguta aliase (CNAME) uye SMTP mail exchangers (MX).