Nhanganyaya
Pane dhiyabhorosi muLinux inonzi cron iyo inoshandiswa kumhanyira nzira nguva dzese.
Nzira iyo inoita izvi ndeyekutarisa mamwe mafaira pane yako hurongwa hwezvinyorwa kuti uite. Somuenzaniso pane faira inonzi /etc/cron.hourly, /etc/cron.daily, /etc/cron.weekly uye /etc/cron.monthly. Panewo faira inonzi / etc / crontab.
Nokusingaperi iwe unogona kungoisa zvinyorwa mune zvinyorwa zvakakodzera kuitira kuti vashande nguva dzose.
Somuenzaniso svinura firati yekuguma (nekudhinda CTRL, ALT uye T) uye shandisai zvinotevera ls murairo :
ls / etc / cron *
Iwe uchaona urongwa hwezvirongwa kana zvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa nguva nenguva, zuva nezuva, vhiki nevhiki uye pamwedzi.
Dambudziko nemapuranga aya ndeyekuti haatonyatsonzwisisiki. Nokuti muenzaniso zuva nezuva zvinoreva kuti script ichashanda kamwe chete pazuva asi iwe hauna simba pamusoro penguva iyo script ichatanga panguva iyoyo.
Ndiyo apo iyo crontab faira inopinda.
Nokugadzirisa fodabha faira iwe unogona kuwana script kana purogiramu yekuita panguva chaiyo uye nguva yaunoda kuti iite. Semuenzaniso zvichida iwe unoda kuchengetedza mafaira ako usiku humwe husiku hwechitanhatu.
Permissions
Mutemo we crontab unoda kuti muveti ane zvibvumirano zvekugadzira crontab faira. Pano pane mafaira maviri anoshandiswa kugadzirisa zvibvumirano zvekrontab:
- /etc/cron.allow
- /etc/cron.deny
Kana iyo faira /etc/cron.allow iripo ipapo iyo inoshandisa kuchinja crontab faira inofanirwa kunge iri iyo faira. Kana cron.allow faira isipo asi kune /etc/cron.deny faira ipapo musikana haafaniri kunge aripo iyo faira.
Kana mafaira maviri aripo ipapo /etc/cron.allow inopfuura ye /etc/cron.deny faira.
Kana hapana faira iripo zvino zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwekugadzirisa kana mushumiri anogona kugadzira crontab.
Mushandisi wezera anogona kugara achigadzira fontabhu faira. Iwe unogona kushandisa s command kuti uende kumudzidzi wemuti kana murairo wekuda kuti utange mutemo wa crontab.
Kugadziriswa Iko Crontab File
Munhu wese anoshandisa mvumo anogona kugadzira fontabhi faira yake. Iro cron rinotarisa rinotarisa kuvapo kwemafaira akawanda e-crontab uye inomhanya kuburikidza navo vose.
Kuti uone kana iwe une file crontab runza murairo unotevera:
crontab -l
Kana iwe usina kambani yekontab shoko "hapana crontab ye
Kugadzira kana kuchinja crontab file runza murairo unotevera:
crontab -e
Nokutenda kana pasina mhariri yakasarudzwa yakasarudzwa ipapo iwe uchabvunzwa kusarudza mhariri yekushandiswa yekushandisa. Pamwe ini ndinoda kushandisa nano sezvo iri kunyatsoenderera mberi kushandiswa uye inomhanya kubva kumugumo.
Iyo faira inotanga ine ruzivo rukuru asi chikamu chinokosha ndiyo muenzaniso pangapera kuguma kwemashoko emashoko (mazwi anotaurwa nemitsetse inotanga ne #).
# mh dom yangu dow command
0 5 * * 1 tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz / home /
Pane zvidimbu zvinyorwa 6 zvekodzero kuti zvikwanise pamutsara mumwe wefontab faira:
- Maminitsi ezuva iro murairo ndewokumhanya (m)
- Iawa yezuva iro murairo ndewokumhanya (h)
- Zuva re mwedzi murairo ndewokumhanya (dom)
- Mwedzi, murairo ndewekuti uite (mon)
- Zuva revhiki rino murairo ndewokumhanya (dow)
- Murairo
Pamusoro pechinhu chimwechete (kunze kwemurairo) unogona kurondedzera unhu hwepascard. Tarisa pane muenzaniso unotevera contab line:
30 18 * * tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz / home /
Izvo zvataurwa pamusoro apa zviri pamaminitsi makumi matatu, maawa gumi nemana uye zuva ripi neripi, mwedzi nemusi wevhiki vanomira murairo ku zip uye tarisa imba yekunyorera ku / var / backups folder.
Kuti uwane mutemo wekumhanya pamaminitsi makumi matatu apera awa imwechete ini ndinogona kukwanisa murairo unotevera:
30 * rairai
Kuti uwane mutemo wekumhanya maminitsi ose apfuura 6 masikati. Ndinokwanisa kutungamirira murairo unotevera:
18 * * * kuraira
Saka iwe unofanira kungwarira pakugadza mirairo yako ya crontab.
Semuyenzaniso:
* * * Murairo
Murairo wepamusoro unogona kumhanya maminitsi ose eawa imwe neimwe yezuva rega revhiki munaJanuary. Ndine chokwadi kuti ndizvo zvaunoda.
Kuti uite mutemo musi wa5: 00 musi wa1January iwe unenge uchida murairo unotevera kune faira yekontabha:
0 5 1 1 * command
Nzira Yokubvisa Sei Crontab File
Kazhinji nguva yausingadi kubvisa fontab file asi iwe ungada kubvisa dzimwe mitsetse kubva pafontab faira.
Zvisinei kana iwe uchida kubvisa kadhi yako yomusikisi inoshandisa murairo unotevera:
crontab -r
Nzira yakachengeteka yekuita izvi ndeyokushandisa murairo unotevera:
crontab -i
Izvi zvinobvunza mubvunzo "unofunga here?" usati wabvisa fodabhu.