Kutanga ku 3D Modeling Techniques
Panzvimbo iyi, tine mukana wekuvhara zvose zviri zviviri uye kugovera zvakadzama, uye munguva pfupi takakurukura maitiro e 3D model . Asi zvinosuruvarisa, isu takanyanyisa kurega kupa chero rudzi rupi rwehuwandu hwemashoko pamusoro pekutarisa kwe 3D.
Kuti tive nekugadzirisa zvinhu zvakanaka, tave takashanda mubasa kugadzirira zvishoma zvinyorwa zvinotarisa kumativi ose ekugadzira uye emagetsi e 3D modeling. Kunyangwe takaita kuti tipe nheyo yavose yekuenzanisira mukukurukurirana kwedu pamusoro pei? computer graphics pipeline , yakange isina kureba. Kuenzanisa ihurukuro inonzwisisika, uye ndima duku inogona kunyanya kuvhara pasi uye inoita nyaya yeruramisiro.
Mumazuva anouya, tichapa ruzivo pamusoro pezvimwe zvemajairo nemaitiro anofanirwa zvinofanira kuitwa nevanomiririra vachishanda mumafirimu nemafambidyo maunoda.
Nezvimwe zvose zvechikamu chino, tichazotanga nokuzivisa nzira dzinomwe dzinowanzoshandiswa kugadzira 3D assets yekombiyuta yemabhizimusi:
Maitiro Akafanana Maitiro
Bhokisi / Kurongedza Mifananidzo
Bhokisi rekuenzanisa ndiyo nzira yekufananidza inonzi polygonal iyo muenzi wacho anotanga nejemiometric primitive (cube, sphere, cylinder, nezvimwewo) uye inovandudza maitiro ayo kusvikira maitiro aunoda awanikwa.
Bhokisi rinomiririra rinowanzoshanda mumatanho, kutanga nemadziro ekugadzirisa zvishoma, kuchenesa chimiro, uyezve kugovera muchidimbu mesh kushandura mitsetse yakaoma uye kuwedzera tsanangudzo. Iyo nzira yekuparadzanisa nekuchenesa inodzokororwa kusvikira mesh ine ine zvakakwana zvinyorwa zvepa polygonal kuti ibudise zvakajeka pfungwa yakatarwa.
Bhokisi rekuenzanisa ingangove iyo inowanzojairika ye polygonal modeling uye inowanzoshandiswa pamwe chete nemagadzirirwo emagetsi ekuratidza (izvo zvatichakurukura munguva pfupi). Isu tinoongorora bhokisi / remadziro ekufananidzira mafungiro zvakadzama apa.
Edge / Contour Modeling
Edge modeling imwe nzira ye polygonal, kunyange yakasiyana zvakanyanya nebhokisi rekuenzanisa pamwe chete. Mukuenzanisira kuenzanisira, panzvimbo pokutanga nemhando yepakutanga nekuchenesa, mhando yacho inonyanya kuvakwa chikamu nechidimbu nekuisa matambo ezvinyorwa zvepa polygonal pamwe nemakwikwi akakurumbira, ezvo ndokuzadza zvikamu chero zvipi pakati pavo.
Izvi zvingaita sokuti hazvina basa zvakaoma, asi mamwe mahesera akaoma kupedzisa kuburikidza nebhokisi modeling chete, chiso chevanhu chiri muenzaniso wakanaka. Kunyatsofananidza chiso kunoda kunyatsorongeka kushandiswa kwemhepo yakadzika nekuyerera , uye kunyatsogadziriswa nemaitiro ekugadzirisa kunogona kuve kwakakosha. Panzvimbo pokuedza kuumbwa chitubu cheziso chakatsanangurwa kubva kune yakasimba polygonal cube (iyo inopesana uye inonzwisisika-intuitive), zviri nyore kwazvo kuvaka chinyorwa cheziso ndokuzofananidzira zororo kubva ipapo. Kana imwe nguva mazita makuru (maziso, miromo, mapurisa, mhuni, jawline) akatevedzwa, mamwe ose anowanzoenda munzvimbo inowanzozviita.
NURBS / Spline Modeling
NURBS inyanzvi yekufananidzira inoshandiswa zvikuru pamotokari uye mumabhizimisi ekuenzanisa. Kusiyana nejinga rejometri, mhando yeNURBS haina maziso, makona, kana maziso. Pane kudaro, NURBS mienzaniso inosanganisira nzvimbo dzakanyatsonzwisisika, yakasikwa ne "kukwikwidza" mesh pakati maviri kana kupfuura Bhezier curves (inozivikanwawo seplines).
NURBS curves zvakasikwa nechombo chinoshanda zvakafanana zvakafanana nepeni chigadzirwa mu MS kupfura kana Adobe Illustrator. Irovheti inotorwa mu 3D space uye yakarongedzwa nekufambisa mutsara wezvinyorwa zvinonzi CVs (control vertices). Kuti uenzanise neNURBS pamusoro pepamusoro, munyori anoisa mavheti pamwe nemakwikwi akakurumbira, uye software yacho zvinongopindira inopindira nzvimbo iri pakati.
Zvimwewo, NURBS pamusoro penzvimbo inogona kugadzirwa nekushandura purogiramu yepfini yakakomberedza nheyo yepakati. Iyi ndiyo inowanzo (uye iyo yakatsanya) nzira yekufananidzira yezvinhu zvinenge zvakasvibirira mumasikirwo-magirazi ewaini, vasesiti, mahwendefa, nezvimwewo.
Digital Sculpting
The tech industries inoda kutaura pamusoro pezvimwe zviitiko zvavanonzi zvipingamupinyi zvemichina . Zvinhu zvekugadzira zvinhu zvinoshandura nzira yatinofunga pamusoro pekuwana imwe basa. Motokari yakashandura nzira yatinofamba nayo. Indaneti yakashandura nzira yatinowana nayo ruzivo nekukurukurirana. Dhidhiyo kuongorora zvinhu zvinopanganisa teknolojia mupfungwa yokuti yakabatsira vatungamiri vakasununguka kubva kune zvinetso zvinotambudza zvetongerwoti uye kubuda kwemhepo, uye vanovabvumira kuisa intuitively mhando dzeMidhori mumutambo wakafanana nekuveza dhidhijhini dhaka.
Mukudhindwa kwemajeri, mahesera anosikwa nenzira, achishandisa (Wacom) piritsi yepiritsi yekuumba uye kuumba mutevedzeri zvakangofanana chaizvo semuvezi angashandisa mabhesi ake pamba chaiyo yevhu. Dhidhijicha kuongorora zvakatora unhu uye zvisikwa zvinomiririra kune imwe nhanho itsva, zvichiita kuti hurongwa huchikurumidze, hunobudirira, uye hubvumira artists kuti ashande nemahesera ekugadzirisa ane mamiriyoni ema polygoni. Mazai akafukidzwa anozivikanwa nokuda kwepakutanga kusingafungidziki mazinga ezviso zvepamusoro, uye zvepanyama (kunyange zvisiri nyore) maitiro.
Procedural Modeling
Izwi rokuti procedural mumakombiyuta mafirimu rinoreva chero chinhu chakagadzirwa chegorgorithmically, pane kusikwa nemaoko noruoko rwemhanzi. Mukuenzanisira, mavara kana zvinhu zvakasikwa zvichibva pamitemo-definable yemitemo kana maparamendi.
Munharaunda yakakurumbira yekuenzanisa mapurisa, View, Bryce, uye Terragen, nzvimbo dzose dzinogona kugadzirwa nokugadzirisa nekugadzirisa zviyero zvezvakatipoteredza zvakadai semashizha uye kukwirira kwepamusoro, kana nekusarudza kubva kune dzimwe nyika zvipo serenje, mhiri, gungwa, nezvimwewo.
Nzira dzekufananidzira dzinowanzoshandiswa pakugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakadai semiti uye mashizha, apo pane zvisingagumi zvisinganzwisisiki uye zvakaoma zvinenge zvichinyanya kupedza (kana zvisingaiti zvachose) kune muveki kuti aite nemaoko. Chirongwa SpeedTree chinoshandisa chirongwa chekuita zvekare / fractal-based based shrubbery kuti iite zvirongwa zvinogadziriswa nehuturu hwepamusoro, mashizha ebazi, angle, curl, uye mazana kana zvisina mazana ezvimwe zvingasarudzwa. CityEngine anoshandisa nzira dzakadaro kuti dzigadzire matanho emaguta.
Image-Based Modeling
Mifananidzo yakatevedzana mitemo ndiyo nzira inoshandiswa kuchinja zvinhu 3D zvinhu zvakagadziriswa kubva pane zvakagadzirirwa zvifananidzo zviviri. Mifananidzo-based modeling inowanzoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo nguva kana zvibvumirano zvebhajeti hazvibvumi kuti zviwanikwa zve 3D zvakakwana zvigadziriswe.
Zvichida muenzaniso wakakurumbira wemifananidzo-based modeling waiva muThe Matrix , apo boka racho rakanga risina nguva kana zvigadziro zvekuenzanisa zvikamu zve 3D zvakakwana. Vakanyora kurongeka kwezviito ne 360-degree kamera yemashandisi uye vakashandisa shanduro yekushandura kugadzirisa kubvumirana ne "virtual" 3D kamera sangano kuburikidza nemadzitateguru chaiwo-nyika.
3D Scanning
3D Scanning ndiyo nzira yekugadzirisa zvinhu chaiyo-nyika apo inoshamisa-yepamusoro-ye-photo-realism inodiwa. Chinhu chenyika chaiye (kana kuti kunyange mutambi) chakaongororwa, kuongororwa, uye data yakasvibiswa (kazhinji x, y, z point gore) inoshandiswa kubudisa yakarurama polygonal kana NURBS mesh. Kuongorora kunowanzoshandiswa apo dhigirii ye digital real actor inodiwa, sezvinonzi In The Curious Case ya Benjamin Button apo mutungamiri (Brad Pitt) akwegura kumativi ose mufirimu.
Iwe usati waenda kunetseka nezve 3D scanners panzvimbo yevatungamiri vekodha, funga kwekanguva kuti zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvakagadzirirwa muzvigadzirwa zvevaraidzo hazvina zvo-nyika yakaenzana. Kusvikira tatanga kutarisa zvipfeko, vatorwa, uye vashandi vanomhanya vari kumativi ose, zvakachengeteka kuti tifunge kuti mutevedzeri wemamiriro ekugadzirwa kweCG angave akachengeteka.