A History of the Atari 2600
Atari anotaura zvakanaka kuPong uye Kudheerera ku & # 34; STELLA! & # 34;
Apo Atari yakabudisa mukana wavo wepaguru Pong sepamberi yakagadzirirwa pamba yemitambo yemuchina, yakange iri monumental hit uye munguva pfupi yakatevedzwa nemagetsi ose emagetsi angafungidzirwa. Mumakore mashomanana mashefu akafukidzwa nemafungiro uye macheche, uye vamwe vachienda kusvika pakushandisa microchip. Kuti varambe vaine nzvimbo semutungamiri wekambani, Atari mubatsiri wekutanga Nolan Bushnell akatsvaka kuumba chizvarwa chitsva chemitambo yemitambo yemavhidhiyo. Kuti uite izvi Atari akatenga Cyan Engineering, uyo akanga atove achishanda pane teknolojia itsva ye console pasi pezita re "Stella".
Panguva iyoyo, yose yemavhidhiyo yemutambo yemavhidhiyo anoshandiswa mashematics based Logic Technology, apo zvigadziriswa zvakashandiswa kugadzirisa ukama nekuderedzwa. Izvi zvakaita kuti mifananidzo yakafanana kana iyo yakafanana ishandiswezve mumutambo wakaderera wemitambo yakakosha. Iyi nzira yakagadzirwa neRalph Bayer's Brown Box basa rehondo iro rakazova Magnavox Odyssey . Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei mimwe mitambo yemavhidhiyo yemuimba yechizvarwa chekutanga chekunyaradza inotarisa yose yakafanana.
Kuwana uye Kuvandudza Tech Yakakodzera
Panzvimbo pezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, Stella project yegenta yakashandiswa pakati pekutengesa unit (CPU) inonzi MOS Technology 6502, 8-bit microprocessor yakaiswa muna 1975 seproductor inodhura pamusika. Izvi zvakabvumira purogiramu yehurongwa kuti iongororwa kubva ku microchip nokukurumidza pasina kuputsa bhangi. Mubvunzo unotevera ndewokuti ungabudisa sei mapurogiramu emitambo kubva kune imwe kunze.
Muna 1972, Hewlett-Packard akatanga kushandisa ROM cartridges, shell yakagadzira R ead- O nly M emory chip ine purogiramu yepurogiramu yakabatana nekombiyuta kuburikidza ne cartridge slot. Makadhi eROM akapa sarudzo yakakwana yeStella. Mifananidzo yefaira yakachengetwa pamakarodhi eROM kuburikidza nekuwedzera kwekutsvaga mamiriro ekutambira (RAM) chip, uye MOS Technology 6502 protokoma akaverenga ruzivo rwepurogiramu kuburikidza nechikwata chekupinza / chikwata (I / O) chip. Zvigadziriswe kunze, izvo zvakagadzirisa iyi sarudzo yakanakisisa yaiva yebhadharo yakaderera yeROM Cartridges, uye neKinjini yakagadzirwa neText Interface Adapter (TIA) sound sound, zvose zvinogadzirisa uye zvinogadziriswa zvakagadziriswa zvakazadziswa.
Kutengesa Kumunhu
Nezvose zvekombiyuta yakafanana panguva imwechete, hazvishamisi kuti imwe kambani yaizove ichine pfungwa imwechete panguva imwe chete, uye Fairchild Semiconductor Company yakarova Atari kumusika muna 1976 ne Fairchild Video Entertainment System (yakazonzi Fairchild Channel F ) iyo yakashandisa Fairchild F8 CPU, yakagadzirwa neIndel muumbi Robert Noyce.
Atari aiva nemari yakadzika mukuvandudzika kwaStella uye aida mari yakawanda uye simba rekuti kusunungurwa kuitika. Kuenda kunzvimbo yevanhu kwakanga kusingasarudzo sezvo misika yepamusoro yakanga iri kuderera zvikuru. Nekutyisidzirwa kwekurasikirwa kwemaoko ose emakambani pamaoko eChane F, Nolan Bushnell akatendeukira kubatanidzwa neWarner Communications, (inozivikanwa seAmai Warner) iyo yakazopedzisira yave kuwanikwa. Bushnell akaramba ari mushumiri kuti aite bhizinesi.
Apo Stella yakazopedzwa uye yakasunungurwa muna 1977 zita racho rakachinjwa kuva Atari Video Computer System , asi gare gare rakashandurwa zvakare kune iye zvino asina kunaka Atari 2600 , mushure mekugadzira chikamu chechikamu CX2600. Pakutanga ma 2600 akasunungurwa nekutambira kwekushaiwa, asi shoko rakapoteredza nekukurumidza uye muna 1979 chakanga chava hit, kutengesa kudarika zviyero zvemamiriyoni mugore iroro chete. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti nguva dzinotyisa dzinotungamirira pakubudirira kwayo dzakabhadhara hukama hweBushnell neWarner Communications. Bushnell akasiya kambani muna 1978, gore rinonyara chete rokupupurira kubudirira kukuru kwe console.
Kwemakore mashomanana akatevera Atari akapfuurira kuita nhoroondo, kunze kwekutengesa kwemakwikwi ose nehuwandu hwacho huchiwedzera huripo nekuraibhurari yemitambo. Uku kukwikwidza kukuru, Channel F, hauna maikirwo kana hunoti hunhu hwema 2600, kana guru guru revanhu seWarner Communications shure kwayo. Kunyange zvazvo Channel F yaiva yekutanga kune iyo, mazita 26 chete akambosunungurwa nekuda kwayo, uye Fairchild nokukurumidza akakundwa neAtari kutengesa kutengesa.
Kubudirira kukuru kwaAtari kwakangoita kuti pave nokuderera kwayo pachako. Sezvo kambani yaive iko zvino inomhanya, vateereri vakave vasina kugutsikana nemishonga yavo. Atari akanga aenda kunzvimbo inoshandiswa uye inofadza pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaBushnell, kune imwe nzvimbo yakashata, yegighi yekambani ine kubvuma zvishoma kana mubairo webasa rakaitwa zvakanaka, chigadzirwa chemuchina wekushambadzira mhizha yemabhizimisi ichiri kutarisana nanhasi. Nenguva isipi mapurogiramu akabatsira kuvaka umambo hwaAtari akatanga kubuda ndokuumba makambani avo pachavo kuti vazive mitambo ye 2600.
Sezvo pfungwa yekunyaradza nemitambo yakasiyana-siyana yakanga ichiri mutsva mutsva, uye chizvarwa chekare chemasikirwo emitambo yemavhidhiyo yose ichikanganirana, mitemo yekodzero, yepamutemo uye yekutengeserana yakanga isati yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza vatori vepambani pekutanga sezvavari nhasi. Nenguva isipi misika yakasvibiswa nemitambo, yose yakagadzirirwa ye 2600 uye yakawanda yakagadzirwa nevaimbova vaAtari vaipedza ngarava. Vaparidzi vezvechitatu ndivo vakakwanisa kushandira nharo dzekodzero kuburikidza kusashandisa Atari logo, kuwedzera chirevo chokuti vakanga vasina ukama neAtari Inc. uye kungobvuma kuti cartridge yakagadzirirwa "Atari Video Game System".
Nokukurumidza Atari akatanga kutambura nenhamo imwe chete iyo yakaunza pakuparadzwa kwePong. Kwete nemitambo yakatarisa, asi ine nhamba yakawanda yekambani inomhanyira kuwana chikamu chegoridhe iyo 2600, ine mhepo yakawanda yemitambo isina kufanira. Mazhinji emitambo iyi yaiva yakaderera muhutano nehutano. Kunyange mazita aAtari akazvinyora akatanga kutambura nekuda kwekukurumidza kuita maitiro uye vazhinji vavo vepurogiramu yepamusoro vakanga vatosiya.
Kunyangwe zvazvo vakawanda vanoita nzvimbo yekubudiswa kwechirwere chakaipa cheT ET mhando ye 2600 sekutanga kweAtari kukoromoka, uye kuuya kweVhidhiyo Game Industry Crash muna 1983 , zvaive zvakawanda zvekuunganidza - mimwe mitambo yakawanda, yakanyanya kuderera yehutano uye zvikuru teknoloji duku kukura mumisha uye masikati. Warner akatengesa-off Atari muna 1984 kuenda kuCommodore Business Machines uyo akavhara pakarepo mutambo wokubudisa mapiko.
Muna 1986, Commodore yakabudisa shanduro yakashandurwa ye 2600 semusoro webhajeti nekutengesera tag line "Kufara Kunodzoka!". Sangano racho rakatengesa zvishoma nezvishoma zvakanaka asi rakazoguma pakupera kwegore ra1990. Kusvikira nhasi Atari 2600 inoramba iri iyo yakareba kutengesa musha video video console nguva dzose uye dzakawanda dzezvinyorwa zvayo zvakakurumbira zviri kuonazve re-releases ye-next-gen mitambo yevashandi uye maoko, uye pre-programmed plug-in-play units kama retro collections.