Nezve CIDR Notation uye IP Address
CIDR inotsanangurwa neClassless Inter-Domain Routing. CIDR yakagadzirwa mumakore ekuma1990 sechirongwa chekugadzira nzira dzekutengesa mitambo kune internet.
Sei Uchishandisa CIDR?
Pamberi kwekombiyuta yeCIDR yakagadzirwa, ma routers e-intaneti akakwanisa kugadzira mitambo yekambani yakabva mukirasi yeIndaneti . Munyika ino, kukosha kwekero re IP kunogadzira subnetwork kuitira zvinangwa.
CIDR ndiyo imwe nzira yemasikirwo eP subnetting . Inoronga kero dze IP mu subnetworks dzakazvimiririra kune kukosha kweateri ivo pachavo. CIDR inozivikanwawo se-supernetting, sezvo inobvumidza kubvumidza mazita akawanda ekubatanidza pamwe chete kuitira kutengesa nzira.
CIDR Notation
CIDR inotsanangura IP kero yekushandisa uchishandisa kusanganiswa kweIndaneti uye iyo inosanganiswa nemasikisi. CIDR notation inoshandisa fomu inotevera:
- xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/n
apo n nhamba ye (leftmost) '1' bits mumasikisi. Semuyenzaniso:
- 192.168.12.0/23
inoshandisa masikiti masikiti 255.255.254.0 kune 192.168 network, kutanga pa192.168.12.0. Ichi chinyorwa chinomirira kero yekero 192.168.12.0 - 192.168.13.255. Inofananidzwa nemasikirini-based networking, 192.168.12.0/23 inomiririra kukanganiswa kweChikamu C chechikamu chechikamu 192.168.12.0 uye 192.168.13.0 mumwe nomumwe ane subnet mask ye 255.255.255.0. Mune mamwe mazwi:
- 192.168.12.0/23 = 192.168.12.0/24 + 192.168.13.0/24
Uyezve, CIDR inotsigira internet adress allocation uye nzira yekutumira yakazvimiririra yakashambadza kirasi yepaipi kero yekero yeP IP. Semuyenzaniso:
- 10.4.12.0/22
inomiririra kero diki 10.4.12.0 - 10.4.15.255 (masikisi masikiti 255.255.252.0). Izvi zvinopa iyo yakaenzana nemakwenzi mana eClass C mukati mechikamu chikuru cheChikoro A nzvimbo.
Iwe dzimwe nguva unoona kuverengwa kweCIDR kushandiswa kunyange kumasero e-CIDR. Mune zvisiri CIDR IP subnetting, zvisinei, kukosha kwe n kunongowanikwa kune 8 (Kirasi A), 16 (Chikamu B) kana 24 (Chikamu C). Mienzaniso:
- 10.0.0.0/8
- 172.16.0.0/16
- 192.168.3.0/24
Maitiro eCIDR Anoshanda Sei?
Kushandiswa kweCIDR kunoda humwe hutsigiro hunoiswa mukati memagetsi ekugadzirisa zvirongwa. Apo paakatanga kutanga kushandiswa paIndaneti, zvirongwa zvekufamba kwepamusoro zvakadai seBGP (Border Gateway Protocol) uye OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) yakarongedzwa kuti ishandise CIDR. Nzira dzisina kushandiswa kana dzisingazivikanwi dzekugadzirisa zvigaro zvingasafambisi CIDR.
CIDR aggregation inoda kuti mambure ezvikamu zvibatanidzwe kuti zvive zvisinganzwisisiki-zvinyorwa pedyo-munzvimbo yekero. CIDR haikwanise, semuenzaniso, mazana 192.168.12.0 uye 192.168.15.0 mumugwagwa mumwe chete kunze kwekuti mukati-kati .13 ne14.
Internet WAN kana backbone routers-iyo inoshandisa mutengesi pakati peInternet Service Providers -gara kazhinji inotsigira CIDR kuti ibudirire chinangwa chekuchengetedza IP kero yakasara. Vashandi vese vanogara vasingashandisi CIDR, saka mitero yega yega inosanganisira mitambo yepamusha uye kunyange masangano mashoma evanhu ( LANs ) kazhinji haashandisi.
CIDR uye IPv6
IPv6 inoshandisa CIDR routing technology uye CIDR notation nenzira yakafanana neIvv4. IPv6 yakagadzirirwa zvakakwana classless addressing.