Subnet Masks uye Subnetting
A subnet inobvumira kudengenyeka kwenzira yekutengesa pakati pezvakagadzirirwa kuti zviparadzaniswe zvichienderana nekambani yekugadzirisa. Nokugadzirira masimba kuva mapoka anonzwisisika, subnetting inogona kuvandudza mitambo yekuchengeteka nekushanda.
Subnet Mask
Zvichida chinhu chinonyanya kuzivikanwa che subnetting ndiyo subnet mask . Kufanana neA IP keroti , subnet mask rine zvinyorwa zvina (32 bits) uye inowanzonyorwa achishandisa "imwechete-decimal" nheyo.
Semuenzaniso, iyo inowanikwa yakazara subnet mask mukumiririra kwayo ibinari :
- 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Inowanzoratidzwa mune zvakaenzana, inowanikwa zvakajeka:
- 255.255.255.0
Kushandisa Subnet Mask
A subnet mask haigoni kushanda semakero e IP kana kuti haisi iko pachavo. Pane kudaro, subnet masks inopindirana neIndaneti uye maitiro maviri anoshanda pamwe chete. Kushandisa subnet mask kune imwe kero ye IP inoparadzanisa kero yacho muzvikamu zviviri, kero yakawandisa yekero uye kero yevaiti.
Nokuda kwemastikiti masikiti kuti ave akajeka, mabheji aro ekupedzisira anofanira kuiswa kune '1'. Semuyenzaniso:
- 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
Icho chisina kuchena subnet mask nokuti shandiso shoma yakagadzirirwa ku '0'.
Mukutaura, zvigaro zvakakosha mumagetsi ekutenderera masikiti zvinofanira kuiswa ku '0', kwete '1'. Naizvozvo:
- 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111
Hazvina maturo.
Zvose zvinoshandiswa pasi subnet masks dzine zvikamu zviviri: rutivi rworuboshwe nemabhakiti ose akaiswa kune '1' (yakawedzerwa rutivi rwemugove) uye rutivi rworudyi nemabheji ose akaiswa ku'0 '(iyo yakagadzirirwa chikamu), seyomuenzaniso wokutanga uri pamusoro .
Subnetting in Practice
Subnetting inoshanda kuburikidza nekushandisa pfungwa yekuwedzerwa mitero yekambani kune kombiyuta imwe neimwe (uye imwe imwe yemaikiriti emagetsi) adresses. Nhare yakawanda yekutengesa inosanganisira zvose network kero uye mamwe mabhii anomiririra subnet nhamba . Pamwe chete, izvi zviviri zvakanyatsogadzirisa zvinhu zvinotsigira urongwa hwematauriri maviri ehutano hunozivikanwa nehutano hwekushandiswa kwePI.
Iro network yekero uye subnet nhamba, kana yakabatanidzwa nekero yevaiti , saka shandisa urongwa hwematatu.
Chimbofunga muenzaniso unotevera wenyika. Bhuku shoma rebhizimisi rekushandisa 192.168.1.0 network nokuda kwaro mukati ( intranet ) mauto. Dhipatimendi rehupfumi hwevanhu rinoda kuti makombiyuta avo ave pane chikamu chekuchengetedzwa kweiyo mitambo nokuti vanochengetedza mashoko ekubhadhara nemamwe mashoko asingabatsiri evashandi. Asi nokuti iyi iri mutsara weClass C, iyo yakaipa subnet mask ye 255.255.255.0 inobvumira makombiyuta ose ari mumetaneti kuti ave vezera (kutumira mharidzo zvakananga kune mumwe nemumwe) nekutadza.
Mitsara yekutanga ye 192.168.1.0 -
1100
Isa iyi network mumusara weClass C uyewo gadzirisa urefu hwekero yenethiwekhi pa 24 bits. Kuti ipe subnet iyi nhungetedzo, inopfuura 24 bits inofanira kuiswa ku '1' kurutivi rworuboshwe rwenetnet mask. Semuenzaniso, chi-25-bit mask 255.255.255.128 inosika ma-subnet network sezvinoratidzwa muTebvu 1.
Pamusoro pezvimwe zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa ku'1 'mumasikisi, chimwe chiduku chinowanikwa mune subnet nhamba kuti inyore mamwe mazita mashomanana. A-bit-subnet nhamba nhamba inogona kutsigira kusvika kune mana pasi, nhamba nhatu-bitsigiri inotsigira kusvika masere masereti, nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Private Networks uye Subnets
Sezvambotaurwa kare mumudzidzisi uyu, masangano anotungamirira anotungamirira Internet Protocol akachengetedza mamwe mashandisi ekushandisa mukati.
Nenzira yakawanda, intranets inoshandisa mitambo iyi inowedzera simba pamusoro pekugadzirisa hurongwa hwe IP neInternet access. Tarisa RFC 1918 kuti uwane mamwe mashoko nezvemakwikwi aya anokosha.
Summary
Subnetting inobvumira vatungamiri vehutachiona zvimwe kusununguka pakujekesa hukama pakati pemagetsi. Mauto pazvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana anokwanisa kutaura chete kune mumwe nomumwe kuburikidza nehutano hwakanaka hwemasuo emagedhi sevatori . Kukwanisa kufuta mutengesi pakati pemasimoni kunogona kuita mamwe magetsi ekuwanikwa maitiro uye anogona kugadzirisa kuwanikwa nenzira dzinofadza.