A DNS cache (dzimwe nguva inonzi DNS resolver cache) ibhuku rekanguva, rakachengetedzwa nekombiyuta yekushanda, iyo ine zvinyorwa zvekushanyira kwemazuva ose uye kuedza kushanyira mawebhusayithi uye nedzimwe nzvimbo dze internet.
Mune mamwe mazwi, DNS cache inongoyeuka yeDNS yakakurumbira lookups iyo kombiyuta yako inogona kukurumidza kutaura kana iri kuedza kuverenga kuti inotakura sei webhusaiti.
Vanhu vazhinji vanongonzwa izwi rokuti "DNS cache" kana rinoreva kubvisa / kuchenesa DNS cache kuitira kubatsira kugadzirisa intaneti kubatanidza nyaya. Pane zvakawanda pane izvozvo pasi peji rino.
Chinangwa cheDNS Cache
Indaneti inotenderera kune Domain Name System (DNS) kuchengetedza rondedzero yemamwe mawebsite ehuwandu uye maIndaneti anowirirana. Iwe unogona kufunga nezvazvo sebhuku refoni.
Nebhuku refoni, hatifaniri kubata nomusoro nhamba dzese dzefoni, iyo ndiyo nzira chete yefoni inogona kutaura: nehamba. Nenzira imwecheteyo, DNS inoshandiswa kuitira kuti tikwanise kudzivisa kubata nekero kero yepaIndaneti yega yewebsite, iyo ndiyo nzira chete yekutengesa midziyo inogona kutaurirana nemawebsite.
Izvi ndizvo zvinoitika shure kweketeni apo iwe uchikumbira web browser yako kuti itakure webhusaiti ...
Unonyora mu URL yakafanana uye web browser yako inokumbira router yako neIndaneti. Iyo router ine DNS server kero yakachengetedzwa, saka inokumbira DNS server ye IP kero ye iyo hostname . DNS server inowana IP kero uye zvino unokwanisa kunzwisisa iyo webhusaiti iwe uri kukumbira, mushure mokunge browser yako inogona kutakudza peji yakakodzera.
Izvi zvinoitika kune webhusaiti yega yega yamunoshanyira. Nguva dzose kana munhu anoshanyira webhusaiti nemazita ayo, wekutsvaga webhupu anotanga chikumbiro kune internet, asi chikumbiro ichi hachigoni kupedzwa kusvikira zita rekutsvaga "rakashandurwa" kuva kero ye IP.
Dambudziko nderokuti kunyange zvazvo kune matani emasipuraneti eDNS yako network yako inogona kushandisa kuedza kukurumidza kushandura / kusarudzwa kwehutano, ichichiri kukurumidza kuva nekopa yepa "bhuku refoni," uko DNS caches inopinda kutamba.
DNS cache iri kuedza kukurumidza kushandiswa kwekutora zvakanyanya nekugadzirisa mazita ekugadziriswa kweateri yakashanyira vasati vasvika chikumbiro chinotumirwa kuInternet.
Cherechedza: Pano pane DNS caches pane humwe hutungamiri hwe "yekuona" nzira iyo pakupedzisira inowana kombiyuta yako kutakura webhusaiti. Iyo kombiyuta inosvika router yako, iyo inosangana yako ISP , iyo inogona kugunura imwe ISP isati yapera pane izvo zvinonzi "midzi DNS midzi." Chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi chinotaridza pane DNS cache nokuda kwechikonzero chimwechete, icho chiri kukurumidza kushandura kugadziriswa kwezita.
Kuti DNS Cache Inoshanda Sei
Pamberi pekushandura pane zvinyorwa zvayo kune kunekunze kwekunze, kombiyuta inobvumirana imwe neimwe uye inotarisa kumusoro kwezita remudunhu mune DNS cache database. Dhiyabhorosi ine runyora rwemazita ose ekungowanikwa achangobva kuwanikwa uye mazita ayo DNS yakaverengwa kwavari kokutanga apo chikumbiro chakaitwa.
Zviri mukati meDNS mahara cache zvinogona kuonekwa paWindows uchishandisa ipconfig / displaydns, nemigumisiro yakafanana neizvi:
docs.google.com
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Rekodi Zita. . . . . : docs.google.com
Rudzi rweRekhodi. . . . . : 1
Nguva Yokurarama. . . . : 21
Data Length. . . . . : 4
Chikamu. . . . . . . : Mhinduro
A (Host) Rekodhi. . . : 172.217.6.174
MuDNS, iyo "A" rekodhi ndiyo chikamu cheDNS kupinda iyo ine IP yekombi yezita rakapiwa zita. DNS cache inochengetedza iyi kero, zita rekutsvaga webhusaiti, nemamwe mamiririri kubva kumumiriri weDNS wokupinda.
Chii Chinonzi DNS Cache Poisoning?
A DNS cache inenge ine chepfu kana yakasvibiswa kana mazita mazita asingatenderwi kana maIndaneti inowanikwa mairi.
Dzimwe nguva cache inogona kusvibiswa nekuda kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi kana zviitiko zvehutungamiri, asi DNS cache poisoning inowanzobatanidzwa nemavhidhiyo emakombiyuta kana kumwe kushungurudzwa kwenethiwekhi kunyorera kusina kuwanikwa kweDNS kupinda muvhareji.
Kutyisa kunokonzera zvikumbiro zvevatengi kuti vadzoserwe kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzisina kunaka, kazhinji mawebhusayithi ane utsinye kana mapeji akazara nezviziviso.
Somuenzaniso, kana docs.google.com ichinyorwa kubva kumusoro yakanga yakasiyana ne "A" rekodi, ipapo pawakapinda docs.google.com mune web browser yako, iwe ungatorwa kune imwe nzvimbo.
Izvi zvinokonzera dambudziko guru kumawebsite akakurumbira. Kana munhu anorwisa achidzokorora chikumbiro chako cheGmail.com , somuenzaniso, kune webhusaiti inoita seGmail asi haisi, unogona kuguma nekurwadziwa nekurwiswa kwehupenzi sezvinoitwa whaling .
DNS Kubhuritsa: Zvaunofunga uye Maitiro Okuzviita
Kana uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uine humwe hutano hwekombiyuta, komupurisa anotarisira angada kufuta (kureva zvakajeka, kugadzirisa zvakare, kana kubvisa) DNS cache.
Kubva pakachenesa DNS cache kunobvisa zvose zvinyorwa, zvinodzinga chero zvinyorwa zvisingabvumirwi zvakare uye zvinokonzera kombiyuta yako kuti idzoke zvakare maateri panguva inotevera iwe uchiedza kuwana mawebsite. Aya maateri matsva anotorwa kubva kuDNS server yako network inogadzirisa kushandiswa.
Saka, kushandisa muenzaniso uri pamusoro apa, kana rekodi yeGmail.com yakasvibiswa uye ichikuendesa kune webasaiti isingazivikanwi, kufambisa DNS iri danho rakanaka rokutanga pakuwana Gmail.com nguva dzose zvakare.
MuMicrosoft Windows, unogona kusvitsa DNS cache yekushandisa uchishandisa ipconfig / flushdns murairo mumutemo we Prompt . Iwe unoziva zvinoshanda kana iwe ukaona Windows IP yakagadzirwa zvakanaka kubudirira DNS Resolver Cache kana kubudirira yakafurutsa DNS Resolver Cache message.
Kuburikidza nemutambo wekurayira, vashandisi veMACOS vanofanira kushandisa dscacheutil -flushcache , asi zivai kuti hakuna "shoko rakabudirira" mushure mokunge rhanya , saka hauziwe kana rakashanda. Vashandi veLinux vanofanira kupinda mu /etc/rc.d/init.d/nscd reginart command.
A router inogona kuva neDNS cache pamwe chete, ndicho chikonzero kubvumira router inowanzoita danho rekutambudza. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho iwe unogona kuvhara DNS cache pane kombiyuta yako, unogona kudzorera router yako kuti udzivise zvinyorwa zveDNS zvakachengetwa mumurangariro wake wekanguva.