Murairo wekuedza unogona kushandiswa pamutsetse wemirairo yeLinux kuti uenzanise chimwe chinhu chinopesana nemumwe asi chinowanzoshandiswa muBASH shell scripts sechikamu chekutaura kwakagadzikana izvo zvinodzora manyolo uye chirongwa chekufamba.
A Basic Basic
Iwe unogona kuedza mirairo iyi nekungovhura firati yekuguma .
kuedza 1 -aq 2 && echo "hong" || echo "kwete"
Murairo wepamusoro unogona kuputswa sezvinotevera:
- kuedza - izvi zvinoreva kuti uri kuda kuita kuenzanisa
- 1 - chinhu chokutanga chaunenge uchienzanisa
- -eq (uri kuenzanisa sei, munyaya iyi, uri kuedza kana nhamba imwe yakaenzana neimwe)
- 2 - chinhu icho iwe uri kuenzanisa chikamu chekutanga zvakare
- && - shandisa chirevo chinotevera kana chiitiko chacho chiri chechokwadi
- Echo "hongu" - murairo wekutamba kana kuenzanisa kunodzoka kwechokwadi
- || - shandisa chirevo chinotevera kana chiitiko chacho chisiri chenhema
- echo "kwete" - murairo wekumhanya kana kuenzanisa kunodzoka kwenhema
Muchidimbu, mutemo uri kuenzanisa 1 kusvika 2 uye vanofananidza nechokuti "hongu" chirevo chinoshandiswa icho chinoratidza "hongu" uye kana isingasvikanisi izwi rokuti "kwete" rinoshandiswa rinoratidza "kwete".
Kuenzanisa Numeri
Kana uri kuenzanisa zvinhu zvinotarisana semazere iwe unogona kushandisa zvinotevera kuenzanisa vatengesi:
- -eq - inokosha 1 inokwana inokosha 2
- -ge - inokosha 1 yakakura kana yakaenzana nekukosha 2
- -gt - inokosha 1 inopfuura kukosha 2
- -re - inokosha 1 pasi kana kuti yakaenzana nekukosha 2
- -i - inokosha 1 shoma pane kukosha 2
- -ne - inokosha 1 haina kuenzana kukosha 2
Mienzaniso:
kuedza 1 -aq 2 && echo "hong" || echo "kwete"
(inoratidza "kwete" kuchikona nokuti 1 hairi 2)
muedzo 1 -ge 2 && echo "hong" || echo "kwete"
(inoratidza "kwete" kuchivako nokuti 1 haisi mukuru kana yakaenzana na 2)
kuedza 1 -gt 2 && echo "hong" || echo "kwete"
(inoratidza "kwete" pachikona nokuti 1 haisi mukuru kupfuura 2)
kuedza 1 -re 2 && echo "hong" || echo "kwete"
(inoratidza "hongu" pachikona nokuti 1 iri pasi kana kuti yakaenzana ne2)
muedzo 1 -lt 2 && echo "hong" || echo "kwete"
(inoratidza "hongu" pachikona nokuti 1 iri pasi kana kuti yakaenzana ne2)
kuedza 1 -ne 2 && echo "hong" || echo "kwete"
(inoratidza "hongu" kuchikona nokuti 1 haikwanisi 2)
Kuenzanisa Nhamba
Kana iwe uchienzanisa zvinhu zvinoshandiswa sezvipfeko unogona kushandisa zvinotevera kuenzanisa operators:
- = - inoita tambo 1 mutsanana mutambo 2
- ! = - tambo 1 yakasiyana netambo 2
- -n - ndiro tambo yakareba kupfuura 0
- -z - isimbi yakareba 0
Mienzaniso:
kuedza "string1" = "string2" && echo "hong" || echo "kwete"
(inoratidza "kwete" kuchikwangwani nokuti "string1" haina kukwana "string2")
kuedza "string1"! = "string2" && echo "hong" || echo "kwete"
(rinoratidza "hongu" pachikona nokuti "string1" haikwanisi "string2")
kuedza -n "string1" && echo "hong" || echo "kwete"
(rinoratidza "hongu" pachikona nokuti "string1" ine tambo yakakura kupfuura yakakura)
kuedza -z "string1" && echo "hong" || echo "kwete"
(inoratidza "kwete" kuchikwangwani nokuti "string1" ine tambo yakakura kupfuura yakakura)
Kuenzanisa Files
Kana uri kuenzanisa mafaira iwe ungashandisa zvinotevera kuenzanisa operators:
- -ef - Iko mafaira ane chimiro chimwechete uye inode nhamba (ndeye faira imwechete)
- -nt - Iko yepafaira yekutanga kune itsva kupfuura yechipiri faira
- -ot - Iko faira yekutanga yakakura kudarika faira rechipiri
- -b - Faira iripo uye inodzivisa zvakakosha
- -c - Faira iripo uye inhu hunokosha
- -d - Faira iripo uye inyaya
- -e - Faira iripo
- -f - Faira iripo uye inogara iri faira
- -g - Faira iripo uye ine nhamba yeboka yakataurwa
- -G - Faira iripo uye inopa neboka remuti
- -h - Faira iripo uye inofananidzana
- -k - Faira iripo uye inogadzirisa zvishoma
- -L - Izvochete -h
- -O - Faira iripo iwe uri muridzi
- -p - Faira iripo uye inonzi pipe yakanzi
- -r - Faira iripo uye inoverengwa
- -s - Faira iripo uye ine hukuru hunopfuura zero
- -S - Dhiyabhorosi iriko uye icheki
- -t - Faira rinotsanangurwa rinoshandiswa pane chitubu
- -u - Faira iripo uye bit-user-id bit yakagadzirirwa
- -w - Faira iripo uye inonyorwa
- -x - Faira iripo uye inogadziriswa
Mienzaniso:
test / path / to / file1 -n / path / to / file2 && echo "hong"
(Kana faira1 iri itsva kupfuura faira2 ipapo shoko rokuti "hongu" richaratidzwa)
test -e / path / to / file1 && echo "hong"
(kana faira1 iri izwi rokuti "hongu" richaratidzwa)
test -O / path / to / file1 && echo "hong"
(kana iwe une faira1 ipapo shoko rokuti "hong" rinoratidzwa ")
Terminology
- Bvisai-Faira iri chigadziro chekuvharira zvinoreva kuti deta inowanikwa mumatombo emaoko. Izvi zvinowanzofaira mafaira akadai sematokari akaoma.
- Unhu hwakakosha - Iyo faira inoshandiswa pakarepo apo iwe unyorera nayo uye kazhinji kacho chigadzirwa chakadai sechiteshi chechidimbu
Kuenzanisa Mamiriro Akawanda
Kusvika ikozvino zvose zvave zviri kuenzanisa chinhu chimwe kune mumwe asi zvakadini kana iwe uchida kuenzanisa mamiriro maviri.
Somuenzaniso, kana mhuka ine makumbo mana uye inoenda "iyo" inogona kunge iri mhou. Kungotarisa kwemakumbo mana hazvivimbisi kuti une mhou asi kutarisa inzwi raanoita zvechokwadi.
Kuedza mitemo miviri panguva imwe chete shandisa mashoko anotevera:
kuedza 4 -aq 4 -a "moo" = "moo" && echo "iri mhou" || echo "haisi mhou"
Chikamu chinokosha pano i -a inomirira uye.
Pane nzira iri nani uye inowanzoshandiswa yekuita mutsara wakafanana uye ndeyotevera:
kuedza 4 -aq 4 && test "moo" = "moo" && echo "iri mhou" || echo "haisi mhou"
Chimwe chiedzo iwe unogona kuedza kuenzanisa kuenzanisa zvirevo zviviri uye kana chimwe chechokwadi chiri kubudisa tambo. Somuenzaniso, kana uchida kutarisa kuti faira inonzi "file1.txt" iripo kana faira inonzi "file1.doc" uripo unogona kushandisa murairo unotevera
test -e file1.txt -o -e file1.doc && echo "file1 iripo" || echo "file1 haipo"
Chikamu chinokosha pano i -o iyo inomirira kana.
Pane nzira iri nani uye inowanzoshandiswa yekuita mutsara wakafanana uye ndeyotevera:
muedzo -e file1.txt || test -e file1.doc && echo "file1 iripo" || echo "file1 haipo"
Kuchenesa Muedzo Keyword
Iwe haufaniri kushanda kushandisa izwi rekuedza kuti uenzanise. Zvose zvaunofanirwa kuita ndezvokuvhara chirevo mumakadhi mabheti nenzira inotevera:
[-e file1.txt] && echo "file1 iripo" || echo "file1 haipo"
Izvo [uye] zvinoreva zvakangofanana nekuedzwa.
Iye zvino unoziva izvi iwe unogona kuvandudza pakuenzanisa mamiriro ezvinhu mazhinji sezvizvi:
[4 -eq 4] && ["moo" = "moo"] && echo "iri mhou" || echo "haisi mhou"
[-i file1.txt] || [-e file1.doc] && echo "file1 iripo" || echo "file1 haipo"
Summary
Murairo wekuedza unonyanya kukosha muzvinyorwa nokuti unogona kuedza kukosha kwekusiyana kweumwe uye kuronga chirongwa chekuyerera. Pamutsetse wemirairo wakazara, unogona kuishandisa kuti uone kana faira iripo here kana