Nzira yekushandisa Ubuntu kuwedzera A User ku Sudoers

Murairo wekuda unoshandiswa kukwidza zvibvumirano zvako kwekutanga mutauro we Linux.

Iwe unogona kushandisa murairo wekuda kuti uite mutemo semupi weimwe mutezi kunyange zvazvo unowanzoshandiswa kumhanya murairo semudzidzi wemudzi.

01 ye 08

Chii chinonzi Sudo uye Chii chinonzi Sudoers List?

Kana uine vashandisi vakawanda pakombiyuta yako uye zvichida haudi vese vashandisi kuti vave vatungamiri nokuti vatungamiri vanogona kuita zvinhu zvakadai sokuisa uye kubudisa software nekushandura key system settings.

Kuti ndikuratidzei muenzaniso wemurairo wekuda mubasa uchishandisa yakazarura mawindo ekupedzisira uye shandisa murairo unotevera:

apt-get install cowsay

Mharidzo yakajeka ichadzorerwa:

E: Haikwanise kuzarura faira file / var / lib / dpkg / lock - yakazaruka (13: Chibvumirano chakaramba)
E: Haikwanise kuvhara shandisi yekunyora (/ var / lib / dpkg /), iwe uri mudzi here?

Nheyo dzinokosha kunyora ndeyekuti "Mvumo yakaramba" uye "Uri muzu here?".

Iye zvino edzai mutemo mumwe chete zvakare asi nguva ino iise shoko sudo pamberi payo nenzira inotevera:

sudo apt-get kuisa cowsay

Iwe uchakumbirwa kuisa password yako.

Iko cowsay application inogona kuiswa ikozvino.

Cherechedza: Cowsay iduku yekushandura inoita kuti iwe uise mharidzo inotaurwa semutauriri wekutaura nemhou yeAscii.

Apo iwe wakatanga kuisa Ubuntu iwe wakangoerekana wakagadzirirwa semutungamiriri uye naizvozvo wakazowedzerwa kune izvo zvinonzi sudoers list.

Rudo rwemashoko ane mazita ezvinyorwa zvose zvine kodzero yekushandisa mutemo sudo.

Iko kuchenjera kwe sudo ndechokuti kana iwe uchifamba kubva kombiyuta yako usina kuvhara iyo kutanga uye mumwe munhu anoshanyira kumushini wako haagoni kukwanisa mirayiridzo yevatungamiri pamakombiyuta nokuti vanoda password yako kuti atange mutemo iwoyo.

Nguva dzose kana iwe uchitanga murairo unoda kodzero dzemutungamiri iwe uchakumbira kuti yako yephasiwedi. Izvi zvinoshamisa zvekuchengeteka.

02 of 08

Chii Chinoitika Kana Iwe Usina Sudo Zvigwaro?

Hasi vese vanoshandisa pakombiyuta yako vachava nemvumo yevatungamiri uye naizvozvo havazove chikamu cherudo rwemashoko.

Apo mumwe munhu asiri mune rondedzero ruduku anoedza kutevera mutemo ne sudo vachagamuchira mutsara unotevera:

kushandiswa hakusi mufaira sudo. Ichi chiitiko chichataurwa

Izvi zvakare zvinoshamisa. Kana munhu asingashandisi mvumo yekuisa software kana kuita chero mumwe murairo unoda ropafadzo yemutungamiri saka ivo havakwanise kuzviita uye chii chaicho chavakaedza kuti chigone.

03 of 08

Ko Sudo Zviremera Zvinobatsira chete Mutemo Wemirairo?

Iropafadzo dzorudo haisi kungoita maitiro emurairo wemirairo. Zvinhu zvose zviri muUbuntu zvinotungamirirwa nemitemo yakachengeteka yakafanana.

Nemuenzaniso, mumufananidzo uchaona kuti mushandisi wezvino ndiye Tom uyo ari mushumiri akazara. Tom ave akatakura Ubuntu Software tool uye ari kuedza kuisa pepa pepa.

Iwindo re password rinooneka uye Tom anoda kupinda password ye user administrator. Mutariri wega wega ndiye Gary.

Panguva ino, Tom anogona kuedza kufungidzira Gary password asi zvakanyanya haazowaniki uye haagoni kuita zvinhu zvaasingafaniri kuita.

04 of 08

Nzira Yokuita Mushandi Mutungamiriri

Mamwe mazano akawanda paIndaneti anokuratidza kuti ungashandisa sei mutsetse wemirairo kuti uwedzere mumwe mudziyo kune faira sudo asi iyi Ubuntu uye kune chikumbiro chakanakisisa chekutungamirira vashandisi vakavakwa.

Kugadzirisa vashandisi muUbuntu pikicha huru pamusoro peUnited Launcher kana kuvhara kona huru pane keyboard.

Cherechedza: Ikosi yepamusoro inokosha yekibhokisi yako. Pamusoro pezvikwata zvepakombiyuta nemakombiyuta madhavhidha iyi ndiyo kiyi neWindows logo pairi uye iri pedo neAlk key

Apo Unity Dash inowanikwa faira "Vashumiri".

Chiratidzo chichaonekwa nemufananidzo wevanhu vaviri vari mauri uye mashoko acho achati "User Accounts". Dzvanya pamufananidzo uyu.

Nokutadza, iwe uchakwanisa kuona vashandisi purogiramu uye kusashandura chinhu. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvakanakisa zvekuchengeteka.

Fungidzira iwe semutungamiri akafamba kubva pakombiyuta yako uye mumwe munhu anosvetuka ndokusarudza kuzviwedzera semunhu anoshandisa. Havagoni kuzviita pasina password yako.

Kuti urongedze chero ipi zvayo yeruzivo rwemushandi iwe unofanirwa kuvhara ma interface. Dzvanya pa "kuvhara" icon pane nechokumusoro kwehwindo iyo inoratidzirwa nevharo uye pinda password yako.

Pane marudzi maviri evashandisi mukati me Ubuntu:

• Vatongi
• Vashandisi vese

Vashandi vanogadzwa sevatungamiri vakawedzerwa kune faira yevashushi uye vashandisi vese vasiri.

Nokudaro kuwedzera mumwe mudzidzi kune sudoers faira chengetedza pamashoko okuti "standard user" pedyo nemashoko "gwaro rekodha" uye kana rondedzero yekuderera inowoneka sarudza mutevedzeri.

Mushandisi iye zvino anofanira kubuda kunze kweUbuntu ndokupinda mukati uye ivo iye zvino vava kukwanisa kushandisa murairo wekuda uye pamwe nekushandura zvirongwa zvekuisa nekuisa software uchishandisa Ubuntu Software tool.

Zvinokosha: mushure mokuchinja chero chinhu chiri mubhokisi rebhuku revashandisi chefa chefa chekuvhara kechigodhi zvakare kuti uvhare muchero.

05 of 08

Nzira Yokubvisa Mutungamiri Neropafadzo Mushandisi

Kuti ubvise ropafadzo yevatungamiri kumushandisi iwe unongoshandura rudzi rwebhuku kubva kumasarudzo kusvika kune yakaenzana.

Izvi zvinoshanda pakarepo uye mushumiri haazokwanisi kuita chero zviito zvakakwirira pakarepo paunoshandura rudzi rwebhuku rwavo kumashure.

06 of 08

Nzira Yokuwedzera Mushandisi kune Faira Rokushandisa Kushandisa Mutemo Wemirayiro

Iwe unokwanisa zvechokwadi kushandisa mutemo wemirairo kuti uwedzere musikana kune faira sudo uye nekudzidza mirairo inotevera iwe uchanzwisisa kuti ungazviita sei pane imwe sarudzo ye Linux iyo yakagadzirirwa sudo.

Chero mushandisi ari we "sudo" boka richave nemvumo yekuita murairo weudo saka zvose zvaunoda kuita ndeye nechokwadi chokuti mushandi ari weboka iro.

Saka iwe unoita sei kuita izvozvo? Ingotevera zviito izvi:

1. Vhura firati inotonhora nekudhinda ALT uye T
2. Tora mapoka (shandura nezita remushandisi waunoda kuwedzera kune vadikanisi, somuenzaniso mapoka emat )
3. Rondedzero yemapoka inofanira kudzorerwa. Kana musikana atova neropafadzo dzorudo boka re sudo ringaonekwa, kana kwete ipapo iwe unofanira kuwedzera.
4. Kuti uwedzere mumwe mudziyo kune sudoers purogiramu sudo gpasswd -a sudo (zvakare shandura nemunhu waunoda kuwedzera kune vadikani,
   somuenzaniso sudo gpasswd -a tom )

Kana musikana iye zvino atova akapindwa mukati mavo vanofanira kubuda panze ndokupinda zvakare zvakare kuti ave nechokwadi kuti vane ropafadzo dzakakwana sudo uye mutongi.

Cherechedza: Mutemo wegpasswd unogona kushandiswa kutungamirira mapoka mukati meLuxux

07 of 08

Nzira Yokubvisa Mushandisi Kubva muFaira Rokushandisa Kushandisa Mutemo Wemirayiro

Kuti abvise vashandisi kubva pafaira rekushandisa uchishandisa mutsetse wemirairo tevera matanho aya:

1. Vhura firati inotakura
2. Tora mapoka (Shandisa nemunhu waunoda kubvisa kubva pane faira yefaji)
3. Kana iyo yakanyorwa yakanyorwa isingaratidze "sudo" seboka saka iwe haufaniri kuita chero chimwe chinhu chingaenderera mberi kuti uite danho rechina
4. Tora sudo gpasswd -d sudo (Shandura nemunhu waunoda kubvisa kubva pane faira sudoers)

Mushandisi haachazokwanisi kumhanya chero mutemo ane ropafadzo dzakakwirira.

08 we 08

Nzira Yokuwana Nayo Ndiani Akaedza Kushandisa Sudo Pasina Mvumo

Apo munhu anoshandisa kuedza kuraira sudo pasina sudo mvumo mhosho yemashoko inotaura kuti kuedza kuchapinda.

Ndezvipi chaizvo izvo zvikanganiso zvakachengetwa zvakadaro? MuUbuntu (uye nedzimwe Dhebian based systems) zvikanganiso zvinoendeswa kune faira inonzi /var/log/auth.log.

Pane dzimwe sangano dzakadai seFedora neC CentOS zvikanganiso zvakasungwa kune / var / log / secure.

MuUbuntu unogona kuona iko kukanganiswa kwekunyora nekunyora chimwe chezvirevo zvinotevera:

paka /var/log/auth.log | zvimwe

muswe /var /log/auth.log | zvimwe

Mutemo wekati unoratidza faira yose kuchikona uye mutemo mukuru ucharatidza kubudisa peji panguva.

Murairo murairo unoratidza mitsetse shomanana yekupedzisira yefaira uye zvakare mutemo mukuru ucharatidza kubudisa peji panguva.

MuUbuntu kunyange kune nzira iri nyore yekuona faira:

1. Dzvanya pamusoro pechiratidzo chepamusoro paChenesi kana kuvhara kona huru.
2. Tora "Log" mukati mutsva yekutsvaga
3. Apo iyo system.log icon inoratidzika pfuurira pairi
4. Dzvanya pa "auto.log" sarudzo
5. Dhura pasi kusvika pasi kuti uone kukanganisa kwemazuva ano kana kuti kuona kusakundikana kwemazuva ano kuwedzera auto.log sarudzo nekutsvaga pairi uye bhura "Nhasi".