Zita
fdisk - Chikamu chetafura manipulator ye Linux
Zvinyorwa
fdisk [-u] [-b sectorsize ] [-C makira ] [-H misoro ] [-S sects ] device
fdisk -l [-u] [ device ... ]
fdisk -s partition ...
fdisk -v
Tsanangudzo
Dhaikisi dzakaoma dzinogona kugoverwa kuva rimwe kana kuti mamwe mabhuku akadai anonzi zvikamu . Ichi chikamu chinorondedzerwa mutafura yekuparadzanisa inowanikwa mundima 0 ye disk.
Munyika yeBDD imwe inotaura nezve `disk slices 'uye` disklabel'.
Linux inoda chikamu chimwe chete, iyo ndiyo midzi yayo mafaira . Inogona kushandisa swap faira uye / kana kupatsanura zvikamu, asi zvekupedzisira zviri nani. Saka, kazhinji mumwe achange achida chikamu chechipiri che Linux chakatsaurirwa sekuparadzanisa zvikamu. PaIntel hardware inowirirana, BIOS inobhurisa system inowanzosangana chete neyekutanga 1024 magirisi e diski. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vanhu vane diski huru vanowanzogadzira chikamu chechitatu, vashoma mashoma MB, vanowirirwa pa / boot , kuchengetedza kernel mufananidzo uye mashomanana emafaira anobatsira panguva yebato, kuitira kuti zvinhu izvi zvive kufambidzana neBIOS. Panogona kuva nezvikonzero zvekuchengeteka, nyore kwehutungamiri nekuchengetedza, kana kuedza, kushandisa zvinopfuura chiyero chakanaka chezvikamu.
Sarudza zvinyorwa zvinyorwa, chengeta nguva pamwe nekudhinda mutsara wekugadzira software.
fdisk (mumutambo wokutanga wekukumbira) chirongwa chinotungamirirwa nemitambo yezvisikwa uye kushandiswa kwekuparadzanisa tafura. Inonzwisisa DOS type partition tables uye BSD kana SUN type disklabels.
Chigadzirwa chacho kazhinji chimwe chezvinotevera:
/ dev / hda / dev / hdb / dev / sda / dev / sdb
(dev / hd [ah] for IDE disks, / dev / sd [ap] for SCSI disks, / dev / ed [ad] for ESDI disks, / dev / xd [ab] for disks XT). Zita rekushandisa rinoreva yose disk.
Kuparadzanisa ndiro zita rekushandisa rinoteverwa nenhamba yekuparadzanisa. Semuenzaniso, / dev / hda1 ndiyo yekutanga kugoverwa kwekutanga IDE yakaoma disk muhurongwa. Disks inogona kusvika kune mapoka gumi nemashanu. Onawo /usr/src/linux/Documentation/devices.txt .
A BSD / SUN rudzi rwe disklabel rinogona kurondedzera zvikamu 8, chetatu chazvo chinofanira kuva 'disk whole part'. Usatanga chikamu chinoshandisa chikamu chayo chekutanga (sechikamu chekutsinhanisa) pa cylinder 0, sezvo icho chichaparadza disklabel.
An IRIX / SGI rudzi disklabel rinogona kurondedzera zvikamu 16, yegumi neimwe iyo inofanira kunge yakakwana ye 'volume' kugovera, nepo yepfumbamwe inofanira kunzi 'volume header'. Musoro wehurukuro ichavharawo tafura yekuparadzanisa, kureva, inotanga pachivharo zero uye inowedzera kuburikidza nekusara kwemasvini mashanu. Nzvimbo yakasara mumusoro wehurukuro inogona kushandiswa nemusoro wezvinyorwa zvinyorwa. Hapana zvikamu zvinogona kuwirirana nemusoro wehurukuro. Uyewo usashandure rudzi rwayo uye ita imwe faira system pairi, sezvo iwe ucharasikirwa tafura yekuparadzanisa. Shandisai rudzi urwu rwekunyora chete kana ukashanda neLinux pane IRIX / SGI mishonga kana IRIX / SGI disks pasi pe Linux.
A DOS type partition table inogona kurondedzera nhamba dzisingagumi dzezvikamu. Muchikamu 0 pane nzvimbo yekutsanangurwa kwema 4 partitions (anonzi `primary '). Chimwe chezvinhu izvi chingava chikamu chakawedzerwa; iyi ibhokisi rakabata zvikamu zvakanyatsorongeka, uye zvinotsanangurwa zvinowanikwa mune imwe nzvimbo yakabatana yezvikamu, imwe neimwe inotangira zvinyorwa zvine mazano akafanana. Zvikamu zvina zvakakosha, zvipo kana kwete, kuwana nhamba 1-4. Logical partitions inotanga nhamba kubva ku5.
Mune DOS type partition table yekutanga kukanganisa uye ukuru hwekugoverana imwe neimwe kunochengetwa nenzira mbiri: seyo nhamba yakakwana yezvikamu (yakapiwa mumakumbo 32) uye seClinders / Heads / Sectors katatu (yakapiwa 10 + 8 + 6 bits). Iyo yekare yakarurama - ine zvikamu 512-byte izvi zvinoshanda kusvika 2 TB. Iyo yekupedzisira ine matambudziko maviri akasiyana. Chokutanga pane izvi, masango aya eC / H / S anogona kuzadzwa chete apo nhamba yevatungamiriri uye nhamba yemakero pane imwe nzira inozivikanwa. Chechipiri, kunyange kana tichiziva kuti nhamba idzi dzinofanirwa kuva dzipi, mabheji makumi maviri nemana anowanika haakwanisi. DOS inoshandisa C / H / S chete, Windows inoshandisa zvose, Linux haamboshandisa C / H / S.
Kana zvichibvira, fdisk ichawana disk geometry nekuzvidira. Izvi hazvirevi kuti chidimbu chinonzi disk geometry (zvirokwazvo, ma disks ezuva ranhasi haaine chinhu chakafanana neyomuviri ye geometry, zvechokwadi haisi chinhu chinogona kurondedzerwa mu simplistic Cylinders / Heads / Sectors fomu), asi iyo disk geometry iyo MS-DOS inoshandisa nokuda kwekuparadzanisa tafura.
Kazhinji zvinhu zvose zvinopfurikidza zvakanaka, uye hapana matambudziko kana Linux ndiyo chete nzira ye diski. Zvisinei, kana diski inofanirwa kugoverwa nedzimwe nzira dzekushandisa, inowanzova pfungwa yakanaka yekurega fdisk kubva kune imwe nzira yekushanda inoita zvishoma kana kugovana. Apo Linux inobhururuka iyo inotarisa tafura yekuparadzanisa, uye inoedza kunyatsoziva (chii chakaipa) geometry inodiwa kuitira kubatana kwakanaka nedzimwe sangano.
Chero pese patafura yekuparadzanisa ichidhindwa, chengetedzeredzheni chekutarisa inoitwa pane zvinyorwa zvetafura. Iko cheki rinopupurira kuti kutanga kwepanyama uye kunonzwisisa uye mapepa ekupedzisira zvakafanana, uye kuti kugovera kunotanga uye kunopera pairivhari yemuganhu (kunze kwekugoverana kwekutanga).
Dzimwe shanduro dze MS-DOS dzinoita chikamu chekutanga chisingatangi pamuganhu wegurinda, asi pane chikamu 2 chekutanga cylinder. Chikamu chinotangira mu-cylinder 1 hachikwanisi kutangira pamhepo yechirinda, asi izvi hazvibviri kukonzera dambudziko kunze kwekuti une OS / 2 pamushini wako.
A sync () uye BLKRRPART ioctl () (zve kuverenga tafura yokuparadzanisa kubva ku disk) inoitwa isati yasimuka apo tafura yekugovera yakagadziridzwa. Kare kare kare zvaiwanzove zvichidiwa kutangazve mushure mekushandisa fdisk. Handifungi kuti iyi ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu zvakare - zvirokwazvo, kudzorerazve nokukurumidza zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvisiri-asi-zvakanyorwa. Cherechedza kuti zvose kernel uye hardware disk inogona kubvisa data.
Dos 6.x Warning
Mutemo weDOS 6.x FORMAT unotarisa mamwe mashoko munharaunda yekutanga yedunhu rekuparadzanisa, uye unobata ruzivo urwu sechinhu chakavimbika kupfuura ruzivo mutafura yekuparadzanisa. DOS FORMAT inotarisira DOS FDISK kubvisa 512 maete okutanga yedunhu renharaunda yekuparadzanisa chero nguva kana shanduko yekushanduka ichiitika. DOS FORMAT inotarisa humwe ruzivo rwekuwedzera kunyange kana mureza weU upiwa - tinofunga izvi segudhi muDOS FORMAT uye DOS FDISK.
Chinokosha ndechokuti kana ukashandisa cfdisk kana fdisk kuchinja ukuru hweDOS partition table entry, saka iwe unofanira kushandisa dd kusvika zero yekutanga 512 bytes zvekuparadzanisa kwacho usati watoshandisa DOS FORMAT kuti uenzanise kugovana. Somuenzaniso, kana uri kushandisa cfdisk kuita DOS partition table entry ye / dev / hda1, ipapo (mushure mekubuda fdisk kana cfdisk nekugadzirisa Linux kuitira kuti ruzivo rwekuparadzanisa tafura ruve rwakakodzera) iwe ungashandisa murairo "dd if = / dev / zero of = / dev / hda1 bs = 512 count = 1 "kusvika zero yekutanga 512 bytes dzekugovera.
IVA NOKUDZISA KUNYANYA kana ukashandisa mutemo dd , sezvo chidiki duku chingaita kuti data yose pa diski yako isabatsire.
Nokuda kwemigumisiro yakanakisisa, iwe unofanirwa kushandisa nguva yeHS-chaiyo yega purogiramu patafura. Somuenzaniso, unofanirwa kuita DOS zvikamu neDOS FDISK program uye Linux partitions ne Linux fdisk kana Linux cfdisk program.
Sarudzo
-b sectorsize
Rondedzera kukosha kwebato re diski. Nhamba yakakodzera ndeye 512, 1024, kana 2048. (Ikozvino kernels inoziva kukanda kwemuganda.Shandisa izvi chete pamazamu ekare kana kuti kudarika pfungwa dze kernel.)
-C makirasi
Taurai nhamba yezvigadziri zve diski. Handina chikonzero nei mumwe munhu angada kuita kudaro.
-H misoro
Tsanangura nhamba yemisoro ye diski. (Kwete nhamba chaiyo, hongu, asi nhamba inoshandiswa pakuparadzanisa tafura.) Nhamba dzakanakira ndeye 255 ne16.
-S zvikamu
Taurai nhamba yezvikamu pane imwe nzira ye diski. (Kwete iyo nhamba chaiyo, hongu, asi nhamba inoshandiswa pakuparadzanisa tafura.) Nhamba yakakodzera ndeye 63.
-l
Rongedza mahedheni ekuparadzanisa zvigadzirwa zvakataurwa uye wozobuda. Kana pasina zvigadzirwa zvinopiwa, izvo zvinotaurwa mu / proc / partitions (kana zviripo) zvinoshandiswa.
-u
Paunenge uchitaura mapoka ezvinyorwa, ita mazamu mumagariro panzvimbo yemagetsi.
-kugovera
Kukura kwekuparadzanisa (mumatombo) kwakadhindwa pamutengo wakatarwa.
-v
Nyora purogiramu yepurogiramu ye fdisk program uye obuda.