A log file, sezvaungangodaro wakafungidzira, inopa nguva yezviitiko zve Linux yekushanda , zvishandiso nemasevisi.
Mafaira acho akachengetwa mumagwaro akanyorwa kuti ave nyore kuverenga. Iri gwaro rinopa mhedziso yekuwana kupi magwaro egiyo, inoratidzira zvishomanana zvemakona makuru uye inotsanangura kuti ungaiverenga sei.
Ndekupi Kwaunogona Kuwana Linux Log Files
Linux mafaira emafaira anowanzochengetwa muchikwata / var / logs.
Iyo faira ichava nenhamba huru yefaira uye iwe unogona kuwana ruzivo rwemushandi wega wega.
Somuenzaniso kana mutemo we ls unomhanya mune samples / var / logs folda pano pane zvishoma zvematombo zviripo.
- kern.log
- auth.log
- bootstrap.log
- alternatives.log
- samba
- makapu
- lightdm
Vokupedzisira vatatu mumutsetse iwoyo mapepa asi vane log inowanikwa mukati mefaira.
Sezvo mafaira egi ari mumagwaro akawandisa mafaira unogona kuaverenga nokunyora murairo unotevera:
nano
Murairo wepamusoro unotanga gwaro regiyo mumugadziri anonzi nano . Kana iyo regi yefodhi iri duku muhukuru saka zvakanaka kuti uzarure faira yegiyo mukati uye mhariri asi kana gwaro regiyo rakakura ipapo iwe unogona kunge uchida kuverenga mutsara wemugumo wegiyo.
Murairo murairo unokubvumira kuti uverenge mitsetse shomanana yekupedzisira mune faira sezvinotevera:
muswe
Iwe unogona kutsanangura kuti ndezvipi mitsetse kuratidzira ne -n shandura sezvinotevera:
muswe -n
Zvechokwadi, kana iwe uchida kuona kutanga kwefaira iwe unogona kushandisa mutemo mukuru .
Key System Logs
Aya mafaire egiyo anotevera ndiwo maitiro ekutarisira mukati meLinux.
- Authorization Log
- Daemon Log
- Logod de Degog Log
- Kernel Log
- Log Log
Mvumo yekugonesa (auth.log) nzira dzinoshandisa magwaro ekugonesa anotungamirira kushandiswa kwevashandi.
Dheemon log (daemon.log) inotarisa mabasa anoshandiswa kumashure anoita mabasa anokosha.
Daemons inowanzova isina chekuita.
Dhigi yebhuku rekutsvaga inopa maitiro ekubudirira kwezvidzidzo.
Iyo kernel log inopa zvakawanda pamusoro pe Linux kernel.
Nhoroondo yegwaro ine mazano akawanda pamusoro pechirongwa chako uye kana sarudzo yako isina gwaro rayo zvinyorwa zvingangodaro zviri mune iri faira.
Kucherechedza Zviri Mukati Ye A Log In File
Mufananidzo uyu uri pamusoro apa unoratidza zviri mukati mamashoko makumi mashanu ekupedzisira mukati mechirongwa chegwaro rangu (syslog).
Mutsara mumwe nomumwe muhogi ine mashoko anotevera:
- Musi
- Hostname
- Kushanda / Basa
- Mharidzo
Somuenzaniso, imwe mutsara mu syslog yangu faira ndeyotevera:
jan 20 12:28:56 gary-virtualbox systemd [1]: kutanga makapu scheduler
Izvi zvinokuudza kuti makapu ekugadzirisa basa akatangwa pa12.28 musi wa20 January.
Zvinyorwa zvinotenderera
Mafaira ekugogodza anowirirana nguva nenguva kuitira kuti arege kukura.
Irogi rinotenderera sangano rinokonzera kuchinja mafaira egi. Iwe unogona kuziva kana loghi yakashandurwa nokuti ichateverwa nenhamba yakadai sa auth.log.1, auth.log.2.
Zvinogoneka kuchinja nguva dzekugadzirisa magwaro nekugadzira faira / etc / logrotate.conf
Zvinotevera zvinoratidza muenzaniso kubva kulogrotate.conf yangu file:
#rotate log files
vhiki nevhiki
#keep 4 weeks worth log log files
shandura 4
denga zvinyorwa zvitsva mushure mekufamba
denga
Sezvaunogona kuona, aya mafaira ekugogodza anochinja vhiki imwe neimwe, uye pane mavhiki mana ekugogodza mafaira akachengetwa chero nguva.
Apo gwaro regiyo rinotenderera rimwe idzva rakasikwa munzvimbo yayo.
Kushanda kwega yega kunogona kuva nehutano hwekushandura. Izvi zviri pachena kuti zvinobatsira nekuti syslog file ichakura nokukurumidza kupfuura makapu log log.
Izvozvo zvinotenderera zvinowanikwa mu /etc/logrotate.d. Chimwe nechimwe chinoshandiswa chinoda hurongwa hwekushandura chichava nefaira yefaira mune iyi folda.
Semuenzaniso chimbo chakanaka chine faira mune faira yelogrotate.d sezvinotevera:
/var/log/apt/history.log {
shanduka 12
pamwedzi
compress
kurasikirwa
notifempty
}
Chaizvoizvo, iri log rinokuudza zvinotevera. Igiyo inochengetedza mavhiki gumi nemaviri ekugogodza mafaira uye inotenderera mwedzi woga woga (1 pamwedzi). Ipaji yepa log ichasimbiswa. Kana pasina mharidzo yakanyorerwa kugiyo (kureva iyo haina chinhu) zvino izvi zvinogamuchirwa. Igiyo haisi kuzotenderera kana isina chinhu.
Kugadzirisa chinangwa chefaira chekuita faira nezvirongwa zvaunoda uye wotanga murairo unotevera:
logrotate -f