Uyu mutungamiri uchakuratidza kuti ungagadzira sei mafaira matsva kana zvinyorwa mukati meLinux uchishandisa mutemo wemirairo.
Murairo waunoshandisa mukusika zvinyorwa ndeye mkdir. Ichi chinyorwa chinokuratidza iwe nzira yekutanga yekuumba zvinyorwa muLinux pamwe nekufukidza zvose zvinowanikwa.
Nzira Yokugadzira A New Directory
Nzira yakajeka yokugadzira zvinyorwa zvitsva ndeyotevera:
mkdir
Somuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida kugadzira zvinyorwa pasi pefaira yako yeimba inonzi test, shandisa mawindo ekugadzirisa uye ona kuti uri mumba mako faira (shandisa cd ~ command ).
mkdir test
Kuchinja Mvumo dzeNew Directory
Mushure mekugadzira faira itsva iwe unogona kuda kuisa mvumo kuitira kuti munhu mumwechete anogona kushandisa iyo faira kana kuti vamwe vanhu vagone kuchinja mafaira mufaira asi vamwe vakaverenga chete.
Muchikamu chekupedzisira, ndakakuratidza kuti ungagadzira sei bhuku rinonzi test. Runomira mutemo we ls uchakuratidza zvibvumirano zvenhare iyo:
ls -lt
Mikana iyo iwe unenge uine chimwe chinhu kune izvi:
drwxr-xr-x 2 mumiriri weboka 4096 Mar 9 19:34 muedzo
Izvo zvikwereti zvatinofarira mune drwxr-xr-x muridzi uye boka
I d inotitaurira kuti kuedza ndeyekunyora.
Mhando dzekutanga zvitatu mushure me d ndiyo mvumo yemuridzi wechirangariro inotsanangurwa nezita romuridzi.
- r inomirira kuverengwa
- w inomirira kunyora
- x inomira kuti iite (iyo iri munyaya iyi inoreva kuti unogona kuwana iyo faira)
Mhando mitatu inotevera ndeye mvumo yeboka yefaira yakataurwa nezita reboka. Zvakare, zvisarudzo zviri r, w, uye x. I-inoreva kuti pane mvumo inoshaikwa. Mumuenzaniso uri pamusoro apa ani zvake ari weboka anogona kuwana mahwendefa uye kuverenga mafaira asi haagoni kunyora kufaira.
Mifananidzo mitatu yekupedzisira ndiyo mvumo iyo vese vashandisi vane uye sezvaunogona kuona mumuenzaniso uri pamusoro apa izvi zvakafanana nemvumo yeboka.
Kuti uchinje mvumo yefaira kana faira unogona kushandisa murairo we chmod . Murairo wechmod unokubvumira kutsanangura nhamba nhatu dzinogadza zvibvumirano.
- verenga zvirevo = 4
- nyora zvibvumirano = 2
- ita zvibvumirano = 1
Kuti uwane musanganiswa wemvumo iwe unowedzera nhamba pamwe chete. Somuenzaniso kuti uverenge uye uite zvibvumirano nhamba yaunoda ndeye 5, kuti uverenge nekunyora zvibvumirano nhamba nhamba 6 uye kuti unyore uye uite mvumo nhamba nhatu.
Yeuka iwe unoda kutsanangura nhamba nhatu sechikamu chemurairo wechmod. Nhamba yokutanga ndeyedzidziri mvumo, nhamba yechipiri ndeyezvibvumirano zveboka uye nhamba yekupedzisira ndeyevamwe vose.
Somuenzaniso kuti uwane zvibvumirano zvakakwana kune muridzi, verenga uye uite zvibvumirano zveboka uye hapana zvibvumirano zvemumwe munhu akaita zvinotevera:
chmod 750 test
Kana uchida kuchinja zita reboka iro rine faira, shandisa murairo wechgrp.
Semuenzaniso, fungidzira iwe unoda kugadzira nyanzvi iyo vese vanyori vekambani yako vanogona kuwana.
Chokutanga pane zvose, tanga mabhuku eboka nekunyora zvinotevera:
groupadd accounts
Kana iwe usina mvumo yakakodzera yekuumba boka iwe unogona kushandisa sudo kuwana dzimwe ropafadzo kana kushandura kuigwaro nemvumo yakakodzera uchishandisa murairo .
Iye zvino unogona kuchinja boka racho pane faira nekunyora zvinotevera:
chgrp accounts
Semuyenzaniso:
chgrp accounts test
Kupa chero ani zvake muboka reakaverengi kuverenga, kunyora nekuita kusvikirwa pamwe chete nemuridzi wega asi kuverengerwa kune vamwe vose iwe unogona kushandisa murairo unotevera:
chmod 770 test
Kuti uwedzere mumwe mudzidzi muboka remakambani iwe uchada kushandisa kushandisa murairo unotevera:
usermod -a -G mazita
Murairo uri pamusoro apa unobatsira boka reakaunti kusvika kune mazita emapoka echipiri anoshandiswa nevashandi.
Nzira Yokugadzira A Directory uye Kugadzirisa Magwaro Panguva Yakadaro
Iwe unogona kugadzira zvinyorwa uye ugadzire zvibvumirano zvenhare iyo panguva imwe chete uchishandisa murairo unotevera:
mkdir-m777
Murairo wepamusoro uchaumba faira iyo munhu wese anokwanisa kuwana. Hazviwanzoitiki kuti iwe unoda kuumba chero chinhu chine rudzi urwu rwemvumo.
Gadzira Folder Uye Vabereki Vose Vanodiwa
Fungidzira iwe unoda kugadzira hurongwa hwehuwandu asi iwe haudi kuumba firipi yega yega pamwe nemugwagwa uye unoshanda nenzira yako pasi pamuti.
Somuenzaniso, unogona kunge uchigadzira mapepa emimhanzi yako zvinotevera:
- / imba / music / rock / alicecooper
- / musha / mbira / dombo / madzimambo
- / musha / mbira / rap / drdre
- / kumba / music / jazz / louisjordan
Zvinenge zvichishungurudza kuti iwe ugadzire dombo folda, ipapo arice cooper uye madzimambo folder uye wobva waumba rap folda uye dr dre folda uye iyo jazz folda uye ipapo louisjordan folda.
Nokunyatsotsanangura shanduro inotevera unogona kugadzira mafaira ose emubereki pamhiri kana asina kutombovapo.
mkdir -p
Semuenzaniso, kugadzira imwe yefaira iri pamusoro apa edza murairo unotevera:
mkdir -p ~ / music / rock / alicecooper
Kuwana Chivimbiso Chakanaka Rakagadzirwa
Nokusingaperi, murairo we mkdir haukuudze kana bhuku rauri kusika rakagadzirwa zvakanaka. Kana pasina zvikanganiso zvinoonekwa iwe unogona kufunga kuti une.
Kana iwe uchida kuwana mamwe verbose zvakabuda kuitira kuti uzive zvakasikwa zvinoshandisa shanduko inotevera.
mkdir -v
Izvo zvinenge zvichange zviri pamwe nemiganhu ye mkdir: yakasikwa directory / nzira / kune / directoryname .
Kushandisa & # 34; mkdir & # 34; mune Shell Script
Dzimwe nguva iwe unoda kushandisa izwi re "mkdir" sechikamu chescript shell. Somuenzaniso, regai titarise script inogamuchira nzira. Apo script iri kuurayiwa ichaita iyo faira uye kuwedzera rimwe chete faira rainzi "hello".
#! / bin / bash
mkdir $ @
cd $ @
touch hello
Mutsara wokutanga unofanirwa kuiswa mune zvinyorwa zvose zvaunonyora uye zvinoshandiswa kuratidza kuti iyi ichokwadi BASH script.
Mutemo we "mkdir" unoshandiswa pakuumba faira. I "$ @" ( inozivikanwawo semiganhu yemugove ) pakuguma kwe 2 uye mutsara wechitatu inotsiviwa nehuwandu hwaunotsanangura kana uchishandisa script.
Iko "cd" murairo inoshandura mukati mehutori iwe unotsanangura uye pakupedzisira mutemo wekubata unogadzira faira isina chinhu inonzi "hello".
Unogona kuedza script iwe pachako. Kuita izvi zvinotevera mirairo iyi:
- Vhura gwindo rekuguma (press Alt uye T rinofanira kuzviita)
- Pinda nano creathellodirectory.sh
- Nyora mumirairo iri kumusoro muhari
- Chengeta faira nekudhinda CTRL uye O panguva imwe chete
- Buda faira nekudhinda CTRL uye X panguva imwe chete
- Shandisa mvumo nekunyora chmod + x creathellodirectory.sh
- Runza script nekunyora ./createhellodirectory.sh test
Paunenge uchimhanya script inonzi "test" ichasikwa uye kana ukashandura kune iyo nyanzvi ( cd test) uye shandisa bhuku rekunyorwa ( ls), uchaona imwe faira inonzi "hello".
Kusvika ikozvino kwakanaka kwazvo asi ikozvino edza kufamba nhanho yekare zvakare.
- Chikanganiso chichaonekwa chichireva kuti faira iripo.
Kune zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvatingaita kuti tive nekuvandudza script. Somuenzaniso, kana faira iripo isu hatisi kunyanya kutarisira chero bedzi iripo.
#! / bin / bash
mkdir -p $ @
cd $ @
touch hello
Kana iwe ukatsanangura -p sechikamu chemurairo ye mkdir saka haichazokanganisa kana faira iripo asi asi kana isipo iyo ichaiumba.
Sezvazvinoitika, kugadzirisa murairo kuchagadzira faira kana isipo asi kana iripo iyo inongorongedza zuva rekupedzisira rakawana zuva uye nguva.
Chimbofungidzira izwi rekutora rakatsiviwa nemashoko ekutaura okunyora anonyora mashoko kune faira sezvinotevera:
#! / bin / bash
mkdir -p $ @
cd $ @
echo "hello" hello
Kana iwe uchitya mutemo "./createhellodirectory.sh" "zvakare" zvakare "iyo ichava iyo faira inonzi" hello "mumutauro wechiratidzo ichakura kukura uye yakakura nemiganhu yakawanda nezwi" hello "mairi.
Iye zvino, izvi zvingave kana zvisingasvike sezvakafanirwa asi ngatitii ikozvino kuti izvi hazvisi izvo zvinoda kuitwa. Iwe unogona kunyora chiyero kuti uone kuti bhuku racho risati ravapo usati watanga murairo weEcho nenzira inotevera.
#! / bin / bash
mkdir $ @ 2> / dev / null;
kana [$? -eq 0]; ipapo
cd $ @
echo "hello" hello
siya
fi
Tsanangudzo iri pamusoro apa ndiyo nzira yangu yakasarudzwa yekugadzirisa kusikwa kweefaira. Mutemo we mkdir unogadzira faira iyo inopedzerwa sepakati yemuenzaniso asi chero kukanganisa kunotumirwa ku / dev / null (izvo zvinoreva zvisingawaniki chero kupi zvako).
Mutsara wechitatu unongoratidzira mamiriro acho ezvinhu emurairo wapfuura iyo inonzi "mkdir" statement uye kana ikabudirira ichaita zvataurwa kusvikira mashoko "fi" asvika.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti unogona kuumba faira uye kuita zvinhu zvose zvaunoda kana mutemo uchibudirira. Kana iwe uchida kuita chimwe chinhu kana murairo usina kubudirira iwe unogona kungoita chimwe chekutaura sezvinotevera:
#! / bin / bash
mkdir $ @ 2> / dev / null;
kana [$? -eq 0]; ipapo
cd $ @
echo "hello" hello
siya
zvimwe
cd $ @
echo "hello"> hello
siya
fi
Muchirevo chepamusoro kana sarudzo ye mkdir inoshanda saka mazwi echo echo anotumira shoko rokuti "hello" kusvikira kuguma kwefaira rainzi "hello" asi kana risina faira idzva richasikwa rinonzi "hello" neshoko rokuti " hello "mariri.
Uyu muenzaniso hausi kunyanya kukosha nokuti unogona kuwana mhinduro imwe chete nekugara uchinyora echo "hello"> hello line . Chirevo chemuenzaniso ndechokuratidza kuti unogona kukwanisa murairo we "mkdir", kuvanza kukanganisa kwacho, chengetedza mamiriro emurairo kuti uone kana yakabudirira kana kwete uye woita imwe yemirairo kana "mkdir" murairo yakanga iri kubudirira uye imwe yemirairo kana yakanga isiri.