Linux mirairo inoita kuti upenyu huve nyore
Iri gwaro rinokuratidza kuti ungashandisa sei vashandisi mukati meLinux uchishandisa mutsetse wemirairo. Kunyange zvazvo mapoka akawanda eDaily Linux anopa majekiti ekugadzira vashandisi iyo pfungwa yakanaka kudzidza kuti ungazviita sei kubva pamurairo wemirairo kuitira kuti iwe unogona kutamisa unyanzvi hwako kubva kune imwe kugoverwa kune imwe kunze kwekudzidza itsva user interfaces.
01 ye12
Nzira Yokugadzira A User
Ngatitange nekusika musarudzo.
Murairo unotevera unowedzera mushandisi mutsva anonzi test kune yako system:
sudo useradd test
Chii chichaitika kana mutemo uyu uchitanga kunobva pane zviri mukati mefaira refaira riri mune / etc / default / useradd.
Kuti uone zviri mukati / / etc / default / useradd shandisa murairo unotevera:
sudo nano / etc / default / useradd
Itaji yefaira ichaisa shona shell in Ubuntu iri bin / sh. Zvose izvi zvinosarudzwa.
Izvo zvawakataura zvingakubvumira kugadzirisa fodhi yekugara pamba, boka, nhamba yemazuva mushure mekunge password yapera kare iyo kambani ichishanda uye zuva risati rapera.
Chinhu chinokosha kukuunganidza kubva pamusoro pehudziro pamusoro apa ndechokuti kushanda mutemo we useradd pasina chero kushanduka kunogona kuunza migumisiro yakasiyana pane kuparadzaniswa kwakasiyana uye ndeyekuita nemararamiro mu / etc / default / useradd file.
Mukuwedzera kune / etc / default / useradd file, panewo faira inonzi /etc/login.defs iyo ichakurukurwa gare gare mubhuku.
Zvakakosha: sudo haisi kuiswa pane zvose kugoverwa. Kana iyo isina kuiswa iwe unoda kupinda muakaunti ine zvibvumirano zvakakodzera zvekusika vashandisi
02 ye12
Nzira Yokugadzira A User Ne A Home Directory
Muenzaniso wekare wakanga uri nyore asi mushandisi angangodaro kana kuti asina kupiwa imba yekunyora kubva pane faira yefaira.
Kumanikidzira kusikwa kweimba yekushandisa kushandisa murairo unotevera:
useradd -m test
Murairo uri pamusoro apa unogadzira faira / imba / test for user test.
03 of 12
Nzira Yokugadzira A Mushandisi Neimba Yakasiyana Dare Rekodha
Kana iwe uchida kuti mushandisi ave nefaira yeimba pane imwe nzvimbo panzvimbo yakashata iwe unogona kushandisa -d kuchinja.
sudo useradd -m -d / test test
Murairo wepamusoro uchaumba faira inonzi test for user test under root folder.
Cherechedza: Mu--m shandura faira yacho isingasikwa. Izvo zvinoenderana nekuisa mukati me /etc/login.defs.
Kuti uwane izvi kushanda pasina kureva -m shanduro edit faira /etc/login.defs uye pasi pefaira uwedzere mutsara unotevera:
CREATE_HOME hongu
04 ye12
Nzira Yokugadzirisa Neshoko Remushandisi Kushandisa Linux
Iye zvino zvawakagadzira mushumiri ane faira yeimba iwe uchada kushandura password ye user.
Kuti ugadzire password yevashandisi iwe unoda kushandisa murairo unotevera:
passwd test
Murairo uri pamusoro apa uchakubvumira kuisa password ye user password. Iwe unenge uchitungamirirwa nekuda kweshoko raunoda kushandisa.
05 of 12
How To Switch Users
Iwe unogona kuedza kero yako yevashandisi vatsva nekunyora zvinotevera muwindo rekuguma:
su - test
Murairo uri pamusoro apa unoshandisa musikana kuAccess test uye uchifunga kuti iwe wakasika faira yeimba iwe uchaiswa muimba yefaira yeyoyo user.
06 of 12
Gadzira Anoshandisa Nenguva Yokupera
Kana uri kushanda muhofisi uye iwe une kontrakta itsva uchitanga kuti ndiani ari kuhofisi yako kwenguva pfupi iwe uchazoda kugadzirisa zuva rekupedzisira kumubhadharo webasa rake.
Saizvozvowo, kana iwe uine mhuri inouya kuzogara ipapo iwe unogona kugadzira kashandisi yevashandi kune iyo nhengo yemhuri inopera mushure mokunge yasiya.
Kuti uise zuva rokupera panguva yekusika mushumiri, shandisa murairo unotevera:
useradd -d / home / test -i 2016-02-05 muedzo
Zuva racho rinofanirwa kurondedzerwa mumutauro YYYY-MM-DD apo YYYY ndeyegore, MM ndiyo nhamba yemwedzi uye DD ndiyo nhamba yezuva.
07 pa12
Nzira Yokugadzira A Mutevedzeri Uye Kugovera Iko Kuboka
Kana uine mushandisi mutsva unobatana nekambani yako iwe unogona kugovera mapoka mapoka emushandisi iwoyo kuitira kuti ave nekukwanisa kufanana nemafaira nemafaira sevamwe nhengo dzeboka ravo.
Semuenzaniso, fungidzira iwe wakanga uine mukomana ainzi John uye ainge achijoina seanomubhadhara.
Murairo unotevera unogona kuwedzera john kune boka remakambani.
useradd -m john -G nhoroondo
08 ye12
Kugadziridza MaIndaneti Kusiyana mukati meLinux
Ifaira /etc/login.defs iseri yefaira iyo inopa maitiro asina kukodzera emabasa ekupinda.
Pane zvimwe zvigadziriro zvekufaira mune iyi faira. Kuti uzarure /etc/login.defs file faira murairo unotevera:
sudo nano /etc/login.defs
The login.defs file rine zvimiso zvinotevera zvaungada kuchinja:
- PASS_MAX_DAYS - Inguva yakareba sei password isapera.
- PASS_MIN_DAYS - Nhamba yephasiwedi inogona kuchinjwa kangani .
- PASS_WARN_AGE - Nhamba yemazuva anonyevera kusati kwapera password.
- LOGIN_RETRIES - Nhamba yekuedza kwekugadzirira kusati yasvika.
- LOGIN_TIMEOUT - Inguva yakareba sei nguva dzisina kupinda.
- DEFAULT_HOME - Mushandisi anogona kupinda here kana pasina faira yeimba iripo.
Cherechedza kuti izvi ndizvo zvinoshandiswa zvachose uye zvinogona kuderedzwa pakusikwa vashandisi vatsva.
09 ye12
Nzira Yokufananidza Login Password Inopera Paunenge Uchishandisa A User
Iwe unogona kugadzirisa zuva rekupera kwepawedi, nhamba yekutsvaga kwekutsvaga uye nguva yekugadzirisa paunenge uchisika mushumiri.
Muenzaniso unotevera unoratidzira sei kugadzira mushumiri ane nyevero yephasiwedi, mazuva akawanda mazuva maviri password isati yapera uye yega kuedza kutsvaga.
sudo useradd test5 -m -K PASS_MAX_DAYS = 5 -K PASS_WARN_AGE = 3 -K LOGIN_RETRIES = 1
10 pa12
Simba kusikwa Kwemushandisi Pasina A Home Folder
Kana iyo login.defs file ine chisarudzo CREATE_HOME hongu yakagadzirirwa ipapo kana munhu akasika iyo faira yeimba ichagadziriswa.
Kugadzira mushandisi asina firiji yemusha zvisinei nokuti zvirongwa zvinoshandisa murairo unotevera:
useradd-Test
Zvinonyanya kuvhiringidza kuti -m inomirira kugadzira musha uye-inomirira kuti usasumba pamba.
11 pa12
Rondedzera Zita Rakazara Rinoshandiswa Pakushandisa A User
Sezvo chikamu chetsika yako yekusika, iwe unogona kusarudza kuita chimwe chinhu chakafanana nekutanga chokutanga, chinotevedzwa nezita rekupedzisira. Somuenzaniso, zita rekushandisa ra "John Smith" richava "jsmith".
Paunenge uchitsvaga tsanangudzo pamusoro pemushandisi iwe ungasakwanise kusiyanisa pakati paJohn Smith naJenny Smith.
Iwe unogona kuwedzera mazwi paunenge uumba e-akhawunti saka zviri nyore kuziva zita rekushandiswa kwemunhu.
Murairo unotevera unoratidza kuti ungaita sei izvi:
useradd -m jsmith -c "john smith"
12 pa12
Kuongorora I / etc / passwd File
Apo iwe unogadzira mushumiri tsanangudzo yemudhiyo iyo yakawedzerwa kune / etc / passwd file.
Kuona tsanangudzo pamusoro pemumwe munhu unogona kushandisa mirairo ye grep sezvinotevera:
grep john / etc / passwd
Cherechedza: Murairo uri pamusoro apa uchadzoka zvakare pamusoro pevashandisi vose vane shoko rokuti John sechikamu chezita rezita.
Ita / etc / passuword file ine chinyorwa chakasiyana-siyana cheminda pamusoro pevashandisi vese.
Masimi ndeaya anotevera:
- Username;
- Inyoreswa password (iyo iwe pachena haugoni kuona);
- Userid;
- User's group id;
- Zita rakazara remushandisi;
- Gwaro rekushandisa yemusha;
- Login shell.