TCP / IP makombiyuta emashandisirwo anoshandisa zvose ma IP aderesi uye MAC mazita ekubatanidza makombikiti emaklayiti. Kunyange zvazvo IP inoshandiswa pane nguva, MAC kero ye network adapter nguva dzose inogara yakafanana.
Pane zvikonzero zvakasiyana siyana zvaungada kuziva iyo MAC kero yekombiyuta iri kure, uye zviri nyore chaizvo kuita nekushandisa mutemo wemirairo , sezvakaita Command Prompt muWindows.
Chimbo chimwe chete chinogona kuva nenzvimbo dzakawanda network interfaces uye MAC kero. Kakombiyuta ye laptop yeEthernet , Wi-Fi , neBluetooth connections, somuenzaniso, ine mairi maviri kana dzimwe nguva metero maMAC inosanganiswa nayo, imwe yeiyo imwe nhumbi yekushandisa.
Nei uchifananidzira MAC Machechi?
Kune zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekutarisa pasi pasi peMAC kero yenhare yekushandisa:
- Kugadzirisa kushamba kwekodha yeMAC pane router kuitira kudzivirira nzvimbo yekunyoresa kwese kune izvo zvigadziri izvo mazita anowirirana neurongwa hwekugadzirira
- Kuti uone muiti wegadziri (hafu yekutanga yekero) uye nhamba ye serial (hafu yepiri yekero), yakadai sedhipatimendi
- Kuchengetedza (spoof) chimiro cheimwe faira. MAC inotarisa spoofing inogona kushandiswa zvakakodzera kuti inyorese purogiramu yeimba yepagedhi yedare neine mupa internet. Zvisinei, inogonawo kuva nechinangwa chisina kunaka, sekukunda kukonzera kweMAC pakusarudza kuitira kuti iwe upinde mumutambo
Kukanganisa kweMAC Address Lookups
Zvinosuruvarisa, hazviwanzokwanisi kutarisa kumusoro kweMAC adhesi yezvigadziri kunze kwekusvika kwomuviri. Iko kazhinji hazvibviri kutsvaga kero yeMAC ye kombiyuta kubva muIndaneti yega yega nokuti aya mazita maviri anobva mune zvakasiyana-siyana.
Kushandura kombiyuta ye hardware yakagadzirisa iyo kero yeMAC apo sarudzo yemutambo yakabatanidzwa kuti inogadzirisa iyo kero ye IP.
Zvisinei, kana makombiyuta akabatanidzwa kune imwechete yeTCP / IP network, unogona kutsanangura maMAC nekombiyuta inonzi ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) , iyo inosanganiswa neTCP / IP.
Kushandisa ARP, imwe neimwe yenharaunda yenzvimbo inoshandiswa inotarisa zvose IP kero uye MAC address yega imwe yega yave ichangobva kukurukurirana nayo. Mazhinji emakombiyuta anoita kuti iwe uone urongwa hwekero iyo ARP yaunganidza.
Nzira Yokushandisa ARP Kuti Uwane MAC MAC
MuWindows, Linux, nedzimwe nzira dzekushanda , mutemo wemutsetse unoshandiswa "arp" inoratidza ruzivo rwekero yeMAC yedare rakachengetwa muCache cache. Zvisinei, inongoshanda chete muboka duku remakombiyuta pane imwe nzvimbo yenzvimbo (LAN) , kwete paIndaneti.
Cherechedza: Pane nzira yakasiyana-siyana inoshandiswa kuwana kero yeMAC ye kombiyuta yauri kushandisa ikozvino , inosanganisira kushandisa ipconfig / yose murairo (mu Windows).
ARP inogadzirirwa kushandiswa nehurongwa hwevatongi uye haisi nzira inobatsira yekuongorora pasi makombiyuta nevanhu vari paIndaneti.
Kunyange zvakadaro, pasi apa pane muenzaniso umwe wekuti ungawana sei kero yeMAC neIndaneti. Chokutanga, tanga nekufungidzira chidimbu chaunoda kuti MAC ichatarisa:
ping 192.168.86.45Mutemo weping unogadzira kushamwaridzana nedzimwe chigadzirwa pane network uye inofanira kuratidza mhinduro yakaita seiyi:
Pinging 192.168.86.45 ne 32 bytes data: Pindura kubva 192.168.86.45: bytes = 32 nguva = 290ms TTL = 128 Pindura kubva 192.168.86.45: bytes = 32 nguva = 3ms TTL = 128 Pindura kubva 192.168.86.45: bytes = 32 nguva = 176ms TTL = 128 Pindura kubva 192.168.86.45: bytes = 32 nguva = 3ms TTL = 128Shandisai arp murairo inotevera kuti uwane urongwa hunoratidza kero yeMAC yefaira iyo yawakafungidzira:
arp-aMigumisiro inogona kutarisa chimwe chinhu chakadai, asi zvichida nezvimwe zvizhinji zvinyorwa:
Interface: 192.168.86.38 --- 0x3 Nzvimbo yeInternet Address Address Pamwe Nhamba 192.168.86.1 70-3a-cb-14-11-7a yakasimba 192.168.86.45 98-90-96-B9-9D-61 yakasimba 192.168.86.255 ff- ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static 224.0.0.22 01-00-5e-00-00-16 static 224.0.0.251 01-00-5e-00-00-fb staticTsvaga kero ye IP yedhidhiyo mumutauro; iyo kero yeMAC inoratidzwa zvakanaka pedyo nayo. Mumuenzaniso uyu, kero ye IP ndeye 192.168.86.45 uye iyo MAC yero 98-90-96-B9-9D-61 (iri mubasa pano kuti isimbiswe).