Tsanangudzo: ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) inoshandura Indaneti Protocol (IP) kero pane iyo inowirirana yakanamatira kero. IP mazita anosanganisira avo vanoshandisa paEthernet uye Wi-Fi vanoda ARP kuti vaite.
Nhoroondo uye Chinangwa cheArp
ARP yakagadzirwa kutanga kwema1980 senhare-chinangwa pakushandura shanduro protocol yeIndaneti. Kunze kweEthernet uye Wi-Fi, ARP yakashandiswawo nokuda kweATM , Token Ring , uye mamwe maitiro emagetsi.
ARP inobvumira nhungetedzo kugadzirisa hutano hunozvimiririra hwechidimbu chaicho chakanyatsobatanidzwa kune mumwe nomumwe. Izvi zvakabvumira Internet Protocol kuti ishande zvakanakisisa kupfuura kana yaifanira kutarisa mareta emhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemashandisi ehurware uye mashandisirwo emagetsi.
Iyo ARP inoshanda sei
ARP inoshanda pa Layer 2 mumuenzaniso weOSI . Purogiramu yePiroti inoshandiswa mumakambani ekushandisa emakambani ekushanda maitiro . Inthanethi RFC 826 nyanzvi dzezvenyanzvi dzehutano hweprototiko kusanganisira purogiramu yepakiti uye kushanda kwekukumbira uye mhinduro dzemhinduro
ARP inoshanda pamazuva ano eEthernet uye ma Wi-Fi network sezvinotevera:
- Maikorogiramu emagetsi anokonzerwa nekodhi yemuchina yakaiswa mune hardware inonzi Media Access Control (MAC) kero. Vagadziri vanotarisira kuchengetedza idzi maawa matanhatu-bit (48-bit) mazita akasiyana, sezvo IP inotenderera pane idzi dzinoshamisa dzekutumira mashoko.
- Kana chero chipikicha chichida kutumira dambudziko kune chimwe chinangwa chidimbu, inofanira kutanga ichitarisa kero yeMAC yechinangwa ichi ichipiwa IP address Iyi IP-to-MAC address mappings inotorwa kubva kune ARP cache yakachengetedzwa pane imwe nhumbi.
- Kana iyo yakapiwa kero yePI isingaoneki muchengeti yechip device, iyo sarudzo haigone kutumira mharidzo kune icho chinangwa kusvikira ichiwana mapoka matsva. Kuti uite izvi, chigadziro chekutanga chinotumira chikumbiro cheA ARP kuparidzirwa mutsara kumunharaunda. Musha wepaIndaneti yakapiwa iyo inotumira mhinduro ye ARP mukupindurwa ne-broadcat, ichibvumira kuti chigadziro chekutanga chivandudze cache uye chienderere mberi kutumira mharidzo zvakananga kune chinangwa.
Inverse ARP uye Reverse ARP
A network protocol inonzi RARP (Reverse ARP) yakagadzirwa zvakare muma1980 kubatanidza ARP. Sezvo zita rayo rinoreva, RARP yakaita basa rakasiyana neAARP, kutendeuka kubva pamatunhu ekutengesa kumatare eI akanzi aya madivayiri. RARP yakaitwa isina kushandiswa neDHCP uye haina kushandiswa zvakare.
Rimwe prototi yakasiyana inonzi Inverse ARP inotsigirawo kushandiswa kwemashoko mapping function. Inverse ARP haina kushandiswa paEthernet kana Wi-Fi network kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nguva inowanikwa mune mamwe marudzi.
Gratuitous ARP
Kuvandudza kushanda kweAAA, mamwe magetsi nemagadzirirwo emagetsi anoshandisa nzira yekukurukurirana inonzi Freeous ARP apo chigadzirwa chinoparidzira mushumo wekumbira kweA ARP kusvika kune rese yenzvimbo dzomunharaunda kuti zizive mamwe majaira ekuvapo kwayo.