Chii chinonzi Computer Operating System?
Makombiyuta anoshandisa software yakadzika yepamusoro inonzi system operating (O / S) kubatsira vanhu kushandisa magetsi. An O / S inoita kuti shanduro yekombiyuta ishandise (inonzi "mapurogiramu") pamwe nekuvaka mapurogiramu matsva. Operating system software inoshandisa kwete pamakombiyuta makombiyuta asiwo pamaserurafoni, network network uye mamwe anonzi akabatanidzwa.
Mhando dzeIndaneti
Mazana ehurongwa hwakasiyana-siyana hwekushandisa kombiyuta akave akavakwa pamusoro pemakore nemasangano, masunivhesiti, uye vanhu vanoita basa. Maitiro ekuzivikanwa anozivikanwa zvikuru ndeaya anowanikwa pamakombiyuta ega:
- Microsoft Windows
- Mac OS X
- Linux
Zvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvirongwa zvakagadzirirwa mamwe marudzi emidziyo, zvakadai
- Apple iOS neGoogle Android (zvakasiyana-siyana zveLinux) - zvefoni
- Solaris, HP-UX, DG-UX, uye zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zve Unix - kumakombiyuta e server
- DEC VMS (Virtual Memory System) - nokuda kwekombiyuta makombiyuta
Mamwe maitiro ekushandira aifarira nguva yekuzivikanwa asi inongova yezvakaitika kare kare zvino:
- Novell Netware yakanga yakakurumbira O / S yePC muma1900
- IBM OS / 2 yaiva PC yekutanga yepamberi yakakwikwidzana neMicrosoft Windows kwenguva asi yakagadzikana zvishoma mumusika wevatengi
- Multics yaiva inyanzvi yekushandura yakagadzirwa nokuda kwemashoko ekuma1960, iyo yakakonzera kufambira mberi kwe Unix
Network Operating Systems
Mazuva ano O / S ane zvakawanda zvakagadzirirwa mukati mawo software yakagadzirirwa kuita nyore kuwirirana kwekombiyuta. Shanduro ye O / S inosanganisira kushandiswa kweTCP / IP protocol stack uye inoshandiswa purogiramu yehurumende seping uye traceroute. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinodhaka zvekushandisa zvinodiwa nemamwe software kuti zvibvumire kushandiswa Ethernet yechirongwa chekushandisa. Zvigadzirwa zvefoni zvinowanzopa mapurogiramu anodiwa kuti uwane Wi-Fi , Bluetooth , kana kumwe kutaurirana kusina foni.
Shanduro dzekutanga dzeMicrosoft Windows haana kupa chero rubatsiro rwekushandisa mitambo yepakombiyuta . Microsoft yakawedzera hutano hwekubatanidza hutano muhutano hwayo hunotanga neWindows 95 uye Windows for Workgroups . Microsoft yakaunzawo inonzi Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) muWindows 98 Second Edition (Win98 SE), Windows HomeGroup yekutengesa musha muWindows 7, zvichingodaro. Kusiyana kweiyo ne Unix, iyo yakagadzirwa kubva pakutanga nekubatanidza maonero. Anenge ari chero mutengi we O / S nhasi anofanirwa sean network network operating nekuda kwekubudiswa kweInternet uye musha wekutengesa.
Yakasimudzwa Inoshandisa Maitiro
A inonzi yakabatanidzwa system inotsigira kwete kana kugadzirisa kushandiswa kwayo software. Purogiramu dzakasimudzirwa sevatoroji, semuenzaniso, zvinowanzobatanidza shandisi yeWeb pre-yakagadzirwa, server yeDHCP , uye zvimwe zvishandiso asi haibvumi kuiswa kwezvirongwa zvitsva. Mienzaniso yehurongwa hwekushanda hwakasungirirwa yevatori dzinosanganisira:
- Cisco IOS (Internet Operating System)
- DD-WRT
- Juniper Junos
An OS yakabatanidzwa inogonawo kuwanikwa mukati mekuwedzera kwenhamba yevatengi kusanganisira mafoni (iPhone OS), PDAs (Windows CE), uye digital media player (ipodlinux).