Zuva rimwe nerimwe rakatsanangurwa
Open Open Interconnection (OSI) Model
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) muenzaniso unotsanangura hurongwa hwekubatanidza hutungamiri hwekushandisa mitemo mumatanda, uye kutonga kunobva pane imwechete kusvika kune inotevera. Inonyanya kushandiswa nhasi senhare yekudzidzisa. Iyo inogadzirisa inoparadzanisa makombiyuta ekugadzirwa kwemakombiyuta mumatanda manomwe mumutambo unonzwisisika. Izvo zvikamu zvakaderera zvinoshandisa zviratidzo zvemagetsi, zvinyorwa zve data binary , uye kugadziriswa kwemashoko aya kumagetsi. Nhamba dzakakwirira dzinobata zvikumbiro zvepurogiramu uye mhinduro, mumiririri we data, uye mitambo yekunamatira sezvinoratidzwa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yekuona.
Nzira yeOSI yakatanga kubatwa semuvakidzani wakakwana wekuvaka mitambo yekutengesa uye zvechokwadi, dzakawanda zvemiterevhizheni dzinozivikanwa dzemazuva ano zvinoratidza maitiro akaoma eOSI.
01 of 07
Physical Layer
PaChirongwa che1, chimiro chechimiro chemufananidzo weOSI chinokonzera kupedzisira kushandiswa kwedhijitori yedhadha bits kubva kuMutambo wekutumira (chitubu) pamusoro pehutano hwemashoko ekukurukurirana kuMutambo wekugadzirisa wekugamuchira (kuenda). Mienzaniso yeChidimbu 1 tekombiyuta inosanganisira chungetedzo dzeEthernet uye Token Ring . Uyezve, hubs nezvimwe zvinodzokorora zviyero zvakagadzirwa nemagetsi zvinoshandiswa paMutambo weMutambo, saiwo hutambo hunobatanidza.
Pachinhu chakasikisa, dhiyabhorosi inoparidzirwa uchishandisa rudzi rwechiratidzo chinotsigirwa nehupakati hwehuviri: magetsi emagetsi, mafaira eredhiyo, kana mapurisa emhepo yakawanda kana chiedza.
02 of 07
Data Link Layer
Paunowana dhiyabhorosi kubva kuChristian layer, Data Link iyo inoongorora zvikanganiso zvekutengesa muviri uye mapuraneti zvinowanikwa mune "data" mafashoni. The Data Link layer inokwanisawo kugadzirisa zvirongwa zvakadai seMAC addresses yeEthernet mitanho, kutarisira kuwanikwa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzehutano kusvika pamutambo wepanyama. Nemhaka yokuti Data Link yakatsetseka ndiyo imwe yakaoma yakawanda pane imwe mienzaniso yeOSI, inowanzogoverwa kuva zvikamu zviviri, "Media Access Control" sublayer uye "Logical Link Control" sublayer.
03 of 07
Network Layer
The Network layer inowedzera pfungwa yekuendesa mberi kweData Link layer. Kana dhesi inosvika pa Network Network, iyo nzvimbo uye nzvimbo dzekuenda mazita adzo dziri mukati megavi rimwe nerimwe rinongororwa kuti rione kana data yakasvika pakupedzisira kwayo. Kana iyo deta yasvika pakupedzisira kuenda, iyi Chitsauko 3 inogadzira dhipatimendi mumapakiti yakakumikidzwa kusvika kuTereji yekutakura. Kana zvisina kudaro, Network layer inodzokorora kero yekuenda uye inosundira fomu yacho kumashure kune zvikamu zvakaderera.
Kuti utsigire ruzivo, Network network yakachengetedza mareta ane mazano akadai seA IP mazita emagetsi paunetaneti. The Network layer inotarisirawo mapepa pakati pemateresi aya anonzwisisika uye kero. MuI IP kushandura, mepu iyi inoitwa kuburikidza neA Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) .
04 of 07
Transport Layer
The Transport Layer inopa data kudarika network connections. TCP ndiyo muenzaniso unowanikwa zvikuru wekutakura Layer 4 network protocol. Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutakura zvinogona kutsigira mararamiro ezvimwe zvaunokwanisa kuita kusanganisira kukanganisika kwekukanganisa, kuerera kwekutonga, uye kutsigirwa kwekudzokazve.
05 of 07
Session Layer
Session Layer inogadzirisa mararamiro uye kutenderera kwezviitiko zvinotanga uye kuputsa mitambo yehutano. Pakutanga 5, yakavakirwa kutsigira mhando dzakawanda dzekubatanidza dzinogona kugadzirwa zvakasimba uye dzinomhanya pamusoro pemagetsi ega.
06 of 07
Mharidzo yeChirongwa
Mharidzo yekutaurira ndiyo yakanyanyisa mukushanda kwechikamu chipi nechipi chemufananidzo weOSI. PaChirangaridzo 6, inoshandisa shanduro yekushandura yemashoko data semafuta ekushandura uye encryption / decryption inofanirwa kutsigira Siri yeUkushandisa pane iyo.
07 of 07
Application Layer
Inoshandiswa inoshandiswa inopa michina yenethiwekhi kumashandisi ekupedzisira-user. Network services zvinowanzoita zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa ne data ye user. Semuenzaniso, muWeb browser browser application, HTTP inoshandiswa pakutsvaga yeprojekti inodiwa data kutumira uye kugamuchira peji yepaIndaneti. Ichi Chinyorwa 7 chinopa data ku (uye inowana data kubva) kuNhepfenyuro yeNhepfenyuro.