Iyo yekare foni system ( PSTN ) inoshandisa shanduko yekushandura kudhinda data yezwi asi VoIP inoshandisa pakiti-kuchinja kuita saizvozvo. Kusiyana munzira iyo idzi mbiri dzekushanda basa ndicho chinhu chakaita kuti VoIP yakasiyana zvakanyanya uye ibudirire.
Kuti unzwisise kushanduka, unofanirwa kuona kuti mambure ari pakati pevanhu vaviri vanotaurirana inzvimbo yakaoma yezvigadziri nemichina, kunyanya kana inetaneti iri Indaneti. Funga mumwe munhu muMauritius ane foni yefoni neumwe munhu kune rumwe rutivi rwepasi, taura muUnited States. Kune nhamba huru yemiraira, switch nemamwe marudzi emafaira anotora data inoparadzirwa panguva yekukurukura kubva kune rumwe rutivi kusvika kune rumwe.
Kuchinja uye Kuronga
Kushandura uye kugadzirisa zvinhu zvinowanzoita zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana, asi nokuda kwekuita nyore, ngatitorei kushandura uye routers (izvo zviya zvinoshandura kuchinja uye kufamba nenzira yakatarisa ) sezvigadziri kuita rimwe basa: ita chibvumirano mukubatanidza uye kutumira mashoko kubva kunobva kune imwe nzvimbo.
Nzira kana Circuits
Chinhu chinokosha chokutsvaga mukuendesa ruzivo pamusoro penhare yakaoma yakadaro ndiyo nzira kana dunhu. Zvirongwa zvinogadzira nzira dzinonzi nodes. Semuenzaniso, switch, routers, uye mamwe mamwe maikirwe emagetsi ari node.
Mukufambisa-kuchinja, nzira iyi inosarudzwa pamusoro pekutangira kushandiswa kwemashoko kutanga. Iko sarudzo inosarudza nzira iyo inotevera kutevera, zvichibva pane zvigadziridzo-kugadzirisa zvigadziriswe, uye kutenderera kunoenda maererano nenzira. Nokuda kwehurefu hwose hwekukurukurirana pakati pemitambo miviri yekukurukurirana, nzira inotsaurirwa uye yakasunungurwa uye yakasunungurwa chete kana sangano rapedza.
Patikiti
Kuti ukwanise kunzwisisa pakiti-kushanduka, unoda kuziva kuti pakiti chii. IInternet Protocol (IP) , yakafanana nedzimwe mimwe mitemo , inoputsa data muzvinyorwa uye inovhara zvinyorwa muzvivako zvinonzi mapetet. Patikiti imwe neimwe ine, pamwe chete nemutoro wedhesi, ruzivo pamusoro peIndaneti yezvakabva uye nzvimbo dzinosvika, nhamba dzekuenzanisa, uye mamwe mazano ekudzivirira. Patikiti inogonawo kunzi chikamu kana datagram.
Kamwe pavanosvika kwavanoenda, mapepa acho anosangana zvakare kuti aite data yepakutanga zvakare. Saka, saka, zvakajeka kuti kutumira data mumapakiti, inofanirwa kuva yedhijita data.
Mu packet-switching, mapaketi anotumirwa kunzvimbo yaunofamba pasinei nemumwe. Patikiti imwe neimwe inofanira kuwana nzira yaro kuenda kunzvimbo. Hakuchina nzira yakatemerwa; chisarudzo chekuti nhamba ipi yekuenda kune imwe danho rinotevera inotorwa chete kana node isvika. Patikiti imwe neimwe inowana nzira yayo kushandisa ruzivo rwunotakura, rwakadai sedzobva uye kuenda kunzvimbo dzeIndaneti.
Sezvaunofanira kunge wakazvifunga kare, tsika yepSTN yefoni yakashandisa shanduko yekushandura apo VoIP inoshandisa packet switching .
Kuenzanisa Pfupi
- Dunhu shanduko yakwegura uye inodhura, uye ndizvo zvinoshandiswa nePSTN. Packet switching is more modern.
- Paunenge uchiita foni yePSTN, iwe uri kubhadhara mitsetse, nezvose zvinoreva. Ona kuti nei kudhanyira munyika yose kunodhura? Saka kana iwe uchitaura, taura maminitsi gumi, iwe unobhadhara kwemaminitsi gumi emutsara wakatsaurirwa. Iwe unowanzotaura chete kana munyori wako akanyarara, uye zvakasiyana. Tichifungawo nguva yakawanda pasina munhu anotaura, iwe zvino unoshandisa zvishoma kudarika hafu yezvauri kuripa. Ne VoIP, iwe unogona kushandisa kambani kana dunhu kunyange kana pane vamwe vanhu vanoishandisa panguva imwe chete. Hakuchina dunhu rakatsaurirwa. Mari yacho yakagoverwa.
- Kutenderera-kuchinja kune zvakatendeka kudarika packet-switching. Paunenge uine dunhu rakatsaurirwa kwechikamu, une chokwadi chokuti uwane ruzivo rwehuse. Paunoshandisa dunhu rakasununguka kune mamwe masangano, saka kune chiitiko chikuru chekubatana, uye naizvozvo kunonoka kana kunyange kukanganiswa kwepakiti. Izvi zvinotsanangura huwandu hwakaderedzwa hwe VoIP izwi huenzaniswa nePSTN. Asi iwe unotova nemimwe mitemo inopa rubatsiro mukugadzira mapiritsi-kuchinja maitiro kuitira kuti hukama huve hwakavimbika. Muenzaniso ndiyo TCP protocol. Sezvo izwi riri pamwero wakareruka kune rimwe kurasikirwa kwepakiti (kunze kwemashoko - kubvira pakasara kurasikirwa kunogona kureva kusiyana kukuru), pakiti-kuchinja pakupedzisira kune yakakodzera kuVoIP.