ZITA
dig - DNS lookup utility
SYNOPSIS
chengeta [ @ server ] [ -b address ] [ -c class ] [ -f filename ] [ -k filename ] [ -p port # ] [ -t aina ] [ -x addr ] [ -yita : key ] [ zita ] [chikwata] [ kirasi ] [ queryopt ... ]
dig [ -h ]
dig [ global-queryopt ... ] [ query ... ]
DESCRIPTION
dig (domain domain information groper) ndiyo chigadziriswa chekushandisa kubvunzurudza DNS mazita sevhareji. Iyo inoita DNS lookups uye inoratidza mhinduro dzinodzorerwa kubva kune zita revhare (s) dzakadzingwa. Vazhinji DNS vatungamiri vanoshandisa dig kuti troubleshoot DNS matambudziko nekuda kwekushandura kwayo, nyore nyore kushandiswa nekujekesa kwekubuda. Zvimwe zvekushandisa zvishandiso zvinowanzova nezvishoma kushanda pane kugadzira .
Kunyange zvazvo kuchimba kunowanzoshandiswa nemirairo-mutsara mutsara, inayo ine batch mamiriro ekushanda kwekuverenga kuwanikwa kwekukumbira kubva faira. Nhepfenyuro muchidimbu chemurairo-mutsara mutsara uye zvisarudzo zvinodhindwa apo -h chisarudzo ichipiwa. Kusiyana neshanduro dzakambotanga, BIND9 yekushandiswa kwe dig kunobvumira kuti mavoti akawanda abudiswe kubva mumutsetse wemirairo .
Kunze kwekunge ichitaurirwa kuti iite zita rimwe revhavha, dig ichaedza imwe yeseva dziri mu /etc/resolv.conf .
Kana pasina murairo mutsara mazano kana zvipo zvinopiwa, ichaita s NS svo "." (mudzi).
SIMPLE USING
Chimiro chekukumbira chekucheka chinoratidzika se:
dig @ @ sevhesi yezita remhandokupi:
seva
ndiro zita kana IP kero rezita zita revhari kuti ribvunze. Izvi zvinogona kunge iri IPv4 kero pakatsanangurwa-decimal notation kana kuti IPv6 kero mumakoroni-akaiswa mazita. Apo iyo inopiwa sangano nhaurirwe zita remubati, gadzira chisarudzo ichocho zita risati raita zita iroro sevhareji. Kana pasina nhaurirano yemapuraneti inopiwa, chengetedza /etc/resolv.conf uye mibvunzo zita remaseva rakanyorwa ipapo. Mhinduro kubva kune zita rokuti seva inopindura inoratidzwa.
zita
ndiro zita rezvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinofanira kutaridzirwa kumusoro.
chimiro
inoratidza kuti chii chinonzi chidimbu chinodiwa --- ANY, A, MX, SIG, nezvimwewo. Kana pasina mhando yekupikisana inopiwa, chichera chichaita kuti chiitwe neA rekodi.
MASHOKO
I- b sarudzo inotanga iyo inonzi IP kero yeyo mhinduro yekugadzirisa . Iyi inofanira kuva yekodzero yakakodzera pane imwe yenhare yekubatana interfaces.
Icho chinokwana cheery kirasi (IN ye internet) inoderedzwa ne -- sarudzo. kirasi chero ipi zvayo yakakodzera, yakadai seHS yeHodhedhi rekodhi kana CH ye CHAOSNET zvinyorwa.
I -f option inoshandisa dig inoshanda muBatch mode nekuverenga runyora rwekukumbira zvikumbiro kuti uite kubva faira filename . Faira ine mibvunzo yakawanda, imwe pamurongo. Chimwe nechimwe chiri mufaira chinofanira kurongeka nenzira imwechete iyo inenge ichinyorwa semibvunzo yekuchera uchishandisa murairo-mutsara wemagetsi.
Kana nhamba isiri iyo yakaenzana yefodhi inofanirwa kubvunzwa, i -p sarudzo inoshandiswa. chikwata # ndicho nhamba yefodhi iyo inogadzira inotumira mibvunzo yayo panzvimbo yeDNS port number nhamba 53. Iyi sarudzo ingashandiswa kuedza zita revharesi rakagadzirirwa kuteerera kune mhinduro pane nhamba isiri iyo yepamusi.
I--sarudzo inogadzirisa rudzi rwekutsvaga kuti uratidze . Inogona kuva chero chero ipi zvayo yakakodzera yechiratidzo chinotsigirwa muBIND9. Mhando yekutsvaga yechirwere "A", kunze kwekuti -x chisarudzo ichiendeswa kuratidza reverse inokurumidza. Kuendeswa kunzvimbo kunogona kukumbirwa nekuratidza rudzi rweAXFR. Apo kuwedzerwa kwekuwedzera kwekufambisa (IXFR) inotarisirwa, rudzi rwakarongwa ku ixfr = N. Kuwedzerwa kwekuwedzera kunzvimbo kunenge kuine shanduko yakaitwa kunharaunda kubvira pane nhamba ye serial mu SOA yeropa reNA.
Kudzoka kutsvaga - mapikisi mazita kune mazita - anoshandiswa ne--sarudzo. addr ikheli re IPv4 munotsvedza-decimal kuverengwa, kana kuti koni-yakagadziriswa IPv6 kero. Apo izvi zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa, hapana chikonzero chekupa zita , kirasi uye zvinyorwa zvepepa. cheka zvinogadzirisa zvinogadzirisa zvinoshandiswa zita rakadai sa11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa uye rinogadzirisa rudzi rwekutsvaga uye kirasi kuPTR uye IN maererano. Nokutadza, IPv6 aderesi anotaridzirwa kumusoro achishandisa IP6.ARPA domain uye mabhiyina mabhinari sezvinotsanangurwa muRFC2874. Kuti ushandise nzira yakakura yeRFC1886 uchishandisa IP6.INT domain uye "nibble" mavara, tsanangurai -n (nibble) sarudzo.
Kuti usayine DNS mibvunzo yakatumirwa nekumba uye mhinduro dzavo uchishanda zvinyorwa zvitsva (TSIG), tsanangura faira yeTsIG yefaira uchishandisa -k . Iwe unogonawo kutsanangurira tsitsi ye TSIG pachake pamutsetse wemirairo uchishandisa -yarudzo ; Zita ndiro zita reTTsIG uye kiyi ndiyo chaiyo chaiyo. Nheyo iyi tsamba yakadzika-64 yakanyorwa, inowanzoitwa na dnssec-keygen (8). Kuchenjerera kunofanira kutorwa kana uchishandisa i-iyo sarudzo yemamiriyoni akawanda emashandisirwo seni sezvo kiyi inogona kuonekwa mune zvakabuda kubva kuma ps (1) kana muhope yeropa rekare. Kana ukashandisa TSIG kuvimbiswa nekuchera , zita revhare iyo inotarisirwa inoda kuziva chiyi uye chigadziro chinoshandiswa. MUTSVENE, izvi zvinoitwa nokupa maitiro akakodzera uye sevaiti mumutauro wezita.conf .
QUERY OPTIONS
kugadzira kunopa huwandu hwekutsvaga zvingasarudzwa zvinoshandisa nzira iyo maitiro anoitwa nawo uye zvigumisiro zvinoratidzwa. Zvimwe zveizvi zvakagadzirirwa kana kugadzirisa zvikwereti zvemavara muhurukuro yemubvunzo, vamwe vanoziva kuti zvikamu zvipi zvepinduri zvinodhindwa, uye vamwe vanoona nguva yekuzorora uye vanoedza zvakare nzira.
Chimwe nechimwe chekutsvaga chinosarudzwa nezwi rinotangira rinotangira chiratidzo (+). Mamwe mazwi akaisa kana kugadzirisa sarudzo. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirirwa neketani kwete kuregeredza zvinorehwa nemashoko iwayo makuru. Mamwe mazwi ekupa zviyero kune dzimwe sarudzo sezenguva yakatarwa. Vane fomu + keyword = kukosha . Tsanangudzo yekusarudza ndeyikuti:
+ [kwete] tcp
Shandisa [usashandise] TCP apo uchitsvaga mazita maseravha. Nzira yekusavapo ndeyekushandisa UDP kunze kwekunge AXFR kana IXFR inobvunzwa, pane imwe nguva kubatana kweTCP kushandiswa.
+ [kwete] vc
Shandisa [usashandise] TCP apo uchitsvaga mazita maseravha. Ichi chinonzi syntax kune + [hapana] tcp inopiwa mushure mekuenderana. Izwi rokuti "vc" rinomiririra "virtual circuit".
+ [kwete] kusazvidza
Rega truncation mumhinduro dzeDP pane kudzoka zvakare neTCP. Nokusakanganisika, TCP kuongorora kunoitwa.
+ domain = somename
Rongedza rutsva rwekutsvaga kuti ruve nedunhu rimwechete somename , sekunge ichitsanangurwa mumirairo yedaundi mu /etc/resolv.conf , uye ita basa rekutsvakurudza kushandiswa sekunge sarudzo yekutsvaga yakapiwa.
+ [kwete] kutsvaga
Shandisa [usashandisa] tsvakurudzo yekutsvaga yakatsanangurwa neshoko rekutsvakurudza kana rekuda mazita mu resolv.conf (kana pane). Tsvakurudzo yekutsvaga haisati yashandiswa nekusara.
+ [hapana] zita rakatumidzwa
Zvakatorwa, zvakatorwa sechifananidzi nokuda kwe [hapana] kutsvaga
+ [kwete] kamwe chete
Ichi chisarudzo hachiiti chinhu. Inopiwa kuti ive nekodzero yekare yezvinyorwa zvekumba apo inogadzirisa sarudzo isina kujekeswa.
+ hapana munhu ane simba
Isa [usasarudza] AD (chokwadi chaiyo) bit mubvunzo. IA AD inotora ikozvino inoreva zvinorehwa chete mumhinduro, kwete mumibvunzo, asi kukwanisa kuisa zvishoma mubvunzo zvinopiwa kuti zvive zvakakwana.
+ [kwete] cdflag
Isa [usasarudza] CD (kutarisa yakaremara) iri mubvunzo. Izvi zvinokumbira sevha kuti irege kuita DNSSEC kuvimbiswa kwemhinduro.
+ [kwete] achidzoka
Shandura kuiswa kweR RD (kudzokerazve kudai) mubvunzo. Ichi chiduku chinoshandiswa nekusavapo, izvo zvinoreva kukumba kazhinji kutumira mibvunzo yakadzoka. Kudzokorora kunowanzovharwa kana sssearch kana + kutsvaga zvingasarudzwa zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa.
+ kwete
Kana izvi zvichisarudzwa, chera kuedza kutsvaga mazita emasevhisi ekuremekedza eganhu rine zita rinotaridzirwa kumusoro uye kuratidza rekodi ye SOA iyo yese yega yevhavha ine nzvimbo.
+ [kwete] kutevera
Tungamira kutsvaga nzira yekuendesa kubva kumidziyo zita remaseva kuti zita rive rakataridzirwa kumusoro. Kuchengetedza kwakabviswa nekutadza. Apo kuongorora kunobvumira, dig inobvunza iterative mibvunzo kugadzirisa zita rinotaridzirwa kumusoro. Ichatevera kutevera kubva kumadziro emidzi, kuratidza mhinduro kubva kune imwe sevha iyo yakashandiswa kugadzirisa kuwanikwa.
+ [kwete] cmd
kunoshandura kudhinda kwekutanga kutaura mumutambo unoona shanduro yekuchera uye sarudzo dzinoshandiswa dzakashandiswa. Mashoko aya anonyorwa asingatauri.
+ [kwete] pfupi
Ipa mhinduro yakasimba. Izvo zvisingaiti ndezvekuti kudhindure mhinduro mumutauro we verbose.
+ [kwete] kuziva
Ratidza [kana usaratidze] kero ye IP uye nhamba yepishamba iyo yakapa mhinduro kana sarudzo shomanana inobvumira. Kana pane mhinduro shoma shoma inokumbirwa, kusarudzwa hakusi kuratidza kero yekero uye nhamba yepamusoro yevhavha iyo yakapa mhinduro.
+ [kwete] mashoko
Tungamira kuratidzwa kwemashoko emitsara mune zvabuda. Izvo zvisiri izvo ndezvokudhinda mazwi.
+ [kwete] stats
Iyi sarudzo inoshandura inoshandura kudhindwa kwezvinyorwa: kana mubvunzo wakaitwa, ukuru hwemhinduro uye nezvimwe zvakadaro. Nzira yekutadza ndeyekudhinda mapeji emibvunzo.
+ [kwete] qr
Dhinda [musanyora] mubvunzo sezvaunotumirwa. Nokusingaperi, mhinduro haina kudhindwa.
+ hapana mubvunzo
Dhinda [musanyora] mubvunzo wechikamu chemubvunzo kana mhinduro ichidzorerwa. Izvo zvisingaiti ndezvekuti kudhinda chikamu chemubvunzo semhinduro.
+ [kwete] mhinduro
Ratidza [usaratidza] chikamu chepinduri chemhinduro. Zvisizvo ndezvekuzviratidza.
+ hapana simba
Ratidza [usaratidze] chikamu chechiremera chemhinduro. Zvisizvo ndezvekuzviratidza.
+ [kwete] zvimwe
Ratidza [usaratidze] chikamu chinowanikwa chemhinduro. Zvisizvo ndezvekuzviratidza.
+ kwete [vose]
Gadzira kana kuchenesa zvose zvinoratidza mareza.
+ nguva = T
Anogadzirisa nguva yekuita mhinduro kumasekondi T. Nguva yakakwana yekubuda ndeye mashure mashanu. Chiedza chekuisa T kusvika pasi pekutanga chichaguma mune nguva yekubvunza mibvunzo ye1 seconds iri kushandiswa.
+ anoedza = T
Inoisa nhamba yekuverengerazve DHP mibvunzo kune server pane chekusiya, 3. Kana T isingapfuuri kana kuti yakaenzana ne zero, nhamba yekudzoka yakanyarara kusvika 1.
+ ndots = D
Isai nhamba yemachasti anofanirwa kuonekwa nezita kuna D kuti ionekwe seyakakwana. Iko kusakosha kunokosha ndiko kunotsanangurwa kushandiswa kushandura mashoko ekutsvaga mu /etc/resolv.conf , kana kuti 1 kana pasina mashoko ekutaura aripo. Mazita ane mazita mashoma anotsanangurwa semazita akadai uye achatsvakurudzwa mune zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa mubasa rekutsvaga kana kuti rekusimba mu /etc/resolv.conf .
+ bufsize = B
Gadzira uswa hwemashoko eDP mushumo hwakaparidzwa uchishandisa EDNS0 ku B bytes. Marefu uye mashoma masikirwo emutsetse uyu ndiwo 65535 uye 0 maererano. Maitiro kunze kwezera iri akavakwa kana kuti pasi zvakakodzera.
+ [kwete] mitauro yakawanda
Dhinda zvinyorwa zvakadai se SOA zvinyorwa mumutauro we verbose zvakasiyana-siyana nemashoko anoverengwa nevanhu. Chinhu chisina kukwana ndechekunyora rimwe rekodhi pane imwe chete, kuti zvive nyore kushandiswa kwemichina yekugadzira.
+ [kwete] kukundikana
Usaedza iyo inotevera server kana ukawana SERVFAIL. Izvo zvachose ndechokuti usaedza iyo inotevera server iyo inopesana neyemhando yakagadziriswa yekugadzirisa maitiro.
+ [kwete] kushorwa
Kuedza kuratidza zviri mukati memashoko asina kunaka. Izvo zvisiri izvo ndeyokusaisa mhinduro dzisina kunaka.
+ [kwete] dnssec
Inokumbira DNSSEC zvinyorwa zvinotumirwa nekuisa DNSSEC OK bit (DO) mune rekodi OPT mune chikamu chinowanikwa mubvunzo.
ZVINHU ZVINOKOSHA
Iyo BIND 9 kushandiswa kwekugadzira zvinotsigira zvinotsanangura mibvunzo yakawanda pamutsetse wemirairo (pane kuwedzera kutsigira -f batch file option). Mumwe nomumwe wemibvunzo iyi inogona kugoverwa nemagetsi ayo, zvisarudzo uye sarudzo dzekutsvaga.
Muchiitiko ichi, nharo imwe neimwe yemibvunzo inomiririra mubvunzo wega wega mumutauro wemirairo-mutsara inotsanangurwa pamusoro apa. Chimwe nechimwe chinosanganisira chero zvingasarudzwa uye mareza, zita rinofanira kutaridzirwa kumusoro, chikwata chekutsvaga chekutsvaga uye kirasi uye chero sarudzo dzemibvunzo iyo inofanira kushandiswa kune iyo mhinduro.
Izvo zvikamu zvepasi pose zvingasarudzwa, izvo zvinofanira kushandiswa kumibvunzo yese, zvinogonawo kugoverwa. Izvi zvinoshandiswa pasi pose zvinoshandiswa zvinofanira kutanga pamberi pekutanga kwezita, kirasi, mhando, zvisarudzo, mapegi, uye mhinduro dzekutsvaga dzinowanikwa pamurairo wemirairo. Chero chero sarudzo dzemunyika yose dzekutsvaga (kunze kwekunge + [kwete] cmd sarudzo) inogona kuvharidzwa nemubvunzo-chaiwo wekutsvaga sarudzo. Semuyenzaniso:
dig + qr www.isc.org chero -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns + noqrrinoratidza kuti kugadzira kunogona kushandiswa sei kubva kumutemo wekutanga kuti uite zvitatu zvinotevera: ANYOSE mhinduro ye www.isc.org, reverse lookup ye 127.0.0.1 uye mubvunzo wezvinyorwa zve NS zve isc.org. A sarudzo yenyika yose ye + qr inoshandiswa, kuitira kuti kugadzira kuratidze mhinduro yekutanga yakagadzirwa kune imwe neimwe. Mubvunzo wokupedzisira unobvunzurudzwa munharaunda yekodzero ye + noqr iyo inoreva kuti kuchera hakungadhindisi mubvunzo wekutanga apo inotarisa kumusoro kwenyaya dze NS dze isc.org.
ONA DZIMWE
musungwa ( 1), anonzi (8), dnssec-keygen (8), RFC1035 .
Zvinonyanya kukosha: Shandisa mutemo wevanhu ( % munhu ) kuti uone kuti murairo unoshandiswa sei pane imwe kombiyuta.
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