Zvose zvaunoda kuziva nezveHTTP
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) inopa mitemo yeprotocol yekuti web browser navashandisi vanoshandisa kutaura. Zviri nyore kuziva izvi pakushanyira webhusaiti nokuti yakanyorwa mu URL (p. Http: // www. ).
Iyi protocol yakafanana kune vamwe vakaita sa FTP muna iyo inoshandiswa nehurongwa hwekambani yekukumbira mafaira kubva kune server yakasara. Munyaya yeHTTP, inowanzova web browser iyo inokumbira HTML mafaira kubva kune web server, iyo inowanzoratidzwa mubushanduri nemashoko, mifananidzo, hyperlink, nezvimwe.
HTTP ndiyo inonzi "mamiriro emasitemu." Zvinorevei izvi zvinopesana nedzimwe mafaira ekutumira mafaira akafanana neFTP , hutano hweHTTP hunodonhedzwa kana chikumbiro chacho chaitwa. Saka, kana web browser yako inotumira chikumbiro uye sevha inopindura nejiji, hutano hwakavharwa.
Sezvo vazhinji vewebhu webhusaiti vasina HTTP, unogona kunyora chete zita redaire uye unofambisa cheji "http: //" chikamu.
Nhoroondo yeHTTP
Tim Berners-Lee akasika HTTP yekutanga pakutanga kwema1990 sechikamu chebasa rake mukutsanangura yekutanga yeWeb Web Wide . Zvinyorwa zvitatu zvepamusoro zvakaparadzirwa zvakanyanya muma1990:
- HTTP 0.9 (pakutsigira kwemashoko makuru e hypertext)
- HTTP 1.0 (zvinyorwa kuti zvitsigire mawebhusayithi ane ruzivo uye zvishoma nezvishoma)
- HTTP 1.1 (yakagadzirirwa kutarisa kushanda kwemitemo yeHTTP 1.0, inotaurwa muInternet RFC 2068)
Ikozvino yakashandurwa, HTTP 2.0, yakava yeruzhinji inogamuchirwa muna 2015. Inochengetedza kushamwaridzana shure neHTTP 1.1 asi inopa zvimwe zvigadziridzo zvekushanda.
Kunyange zvazvo muzinga HTTP usingawanikidzi kuendesa mberi kwetaneti, hutano hweHTTPS hwakagadziridzwa kuwedzera kuvharidzira kuHTTP kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwe (pakutanga) Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) kana (gare gare) Transport Layer Security (TLS).
HTTP Inoshanda Sei
HTTP iyi inoshandiswa purogiramu yakatorwa pamusoro peTCP iyo inoshandisa client-server communication model. HTTP maklayi nemaseva arikumbira neHTTP chikumbiro nemhinduro dzemhinduro. Iyo mitatu huru HTTP mhando dzemhando ndeye GET, POST, uye HEAD.
- HTTP ITA mimwe mitumwa yakatumirwa kune seva ine URL chete . Zero kana zvimwe zvingasarudzwa zvingasarudzwa zvingave zvakanamatirwa kusvika kumagumo e URL. Ivhavha inoshandisa sarudzo yega yega ye URL, kana iripo, uye inodzorera mugumisiro (peji yewebhu kana chimwe chinhu cheji yewebhu) kune browser.
- HTTP POST mhemberero inoisa chero zvingasarudzwa zvemashoko emitemo mumuviri weshoko rekumbiro pane kuvawedzera kusvika pakuguma kwe URL.
- HTTP HEAD chikumbiro chinoshanda zvakafanana neGET zvikumbiro. Panzvimbo yekupindura nezvose zviri mukati ma URL, sevha inotumira zvinyorwa chete zvinyorwa zvemashoko (zviri mukati mukati me HTML chikamu).
Tsvakurudzo inotanga kukurukurirana neht server yeHTTP kuburikidza nekubatanidza TCP kushandira kune server. Nheyo dzekushandura kweWebhu dzinoshandisa sevhareji 80 sekusiya asi zvimwe dzimwe nzvimbo dzakadai se 8080 dzimwe nguva dzinoshandiswa panzvimbo.
Pane imwe nguva sangano rakagadziriswa, mushandisi anoita kuti kutumirwa uye kugamuchira kwemashoko eHTTP kuburikidza nekushanyira peji yewebhu.
Matambudziko Aine HTTP
Mharidzo inoparadzirwa pamusoro peHTTP inogona kukundikana kuendeswa kubudiriri kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana:
- user error
- kusashanda kwewebhu web browser kana web server
- zvikanganiso mukugadzirwa kwemawebhu webhu
- temporary network glitches
Kana zvikanganiso izvi zvikaitika, iyo protocol inotora chikonzero chekukundikana (kana zvichikwanisika) uye inoshuva ikhodi yekukanganisa kudzokera kune browser iyo inonzi HTTP mamiriro emutsetse / code . Zvikanganiso zvinotanga nedzimwe nhamba kuratidza kuti ndechipi chekanganiso iyo.
Somuenzaniso, zvikanganiso zvina 4xx zvinoratidza kuti chikumbiro chepeji hachikwanisi kupedzerwa zvakanaka kana kuti chikumbiro chine masaisai asina kururama. Somuenzaniso, zvikanganiso makumi mana zvinoreva kuti peji haigone kuwanikwa; mamwe mawebhusayithi uye ane mhando yekufadza 404 mapeji .