Iyi dzidzo inotsanangura unyanzvi huripo hweInternet Protocol (IP) networking. Kune avo vasingafariri zvehutano hwezvinhu, tumira kune zvinotevera:
- Kushanda neIndaneti dzePI
IPv4 uye IPv6
Internet Protocol (IP) teknolojia yakagadzirwa mumakore ekuma1970 kutsigira vamwe vekutanga kutsvakurudza makombiyuta . Nhasi, IP yakave yemaitiro epasi rose emisha nekutengesa mabhizimisi pamwe chete. Nhare dzedu dzekambani , Web browser , mapurogiramu emaimeri, purogiramu yemapurogiramu epamusoro - vose vanovimba nePI kana mamwe maitiro emitambo akaiswa pamusoro pePI .
Shanduro mbiri dze IP technology dziriko nhasi. Makombiyuta emakombiyuta epamba yemapurogiramu anoshandisa IP version 4 (IPv4), asi mamwe magetsi, kunyanya avo vari kudzidzo uye masangano ekutsvakurudza, vakagamuchira chizvarwa chinotevera IP version 6 (IPv6).
IPv4 Addressing Notation
An IPv4 address ine zvinyorwa zvina (32 bits). Aya mahara anozivikanwawo seoctet .
Nokuda kwekuverenga zvinangwa, vanhu vanowanzoshanda neI IP mazita mukunyorwa kunonzi dotted decimal . Ichi chinyorwa chinoparadzanisa nguva imwe neimwe ye nhamba ina (maitikiti) anosanganisira kero ye IP. Somuenzaniso, IP kero iyo makombiyuta anoona se
- 00001010 00000000 00000000 00000001
yakanyorwa mumadhinari decimal se
- 10.0.0.1
Nemhaka yekuti rimwe nerimwe rinenge rine bits 8, rimwe nerimwe neriteteri iri muIndaneti mazera akaenzana kubva pane zvishoma kubva pa 0 kusvika pa 255. Saka, huwandu hwakakwana hweateri dze IP hunobva ku 0.0.0.0 kusvika 255.255.255.255 . Izvi zvinomiririra 4 294 967 296 inogona kuwanikwa IP.
IPv6 Kutaura neNoti
IP mazita anoshanduka zvikuru ne IPv6. IPv6 mazita ari 16 bytes (128 bits) kwenguva refu kupfuura mana mana (32 bits). Ichi chikuru chinoreva kuti IPv6 inotsigira zvakawanda kupfuura
- 300 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
makero anokwanisa! Sezvo nhamba inowedzera yemaserura uye mamwe magetsi emagetsi anowedzera simba ravo rekubatanidza uye vanoda mazita avo, pfupi IPv4 address space ichapedzisira yapera uye IPv6 inosungirwa.
IPv6 adhesi dzinowanzonyorwa mune fomu inotevera:
- hhhh: hhh: hhhh: hhh: hhh: hhh: hhhh: hhhh
Muchiziviso ichi chakakwana , mapaundi eIvv6 bytes akaparadzaniswa nekoni uye rimwe nerimwe rinotenderera rinomiririrwa sehando mbiri dzehexadecimal , sezvinotevera mumuenzaniso unotevera:
- E3D7: 0000: 0000: 0000: 51F4: 9BC8: C0A8: 6420
Sezvinoratidzwa pamusoro apa, IPv6 inowanika inowanzo ine maoko akawanda ane kukosha kwezero. Shorthand notation mu IPv6 inobvisa izvi zvinyorwa kubva pamashoko ekumiririra (kunyange zvazvo mabhuku aripo achiripo mumutsetse wekero yekero ) nenzira inotevera:
- E3D7 :: 51F4: 9BC8: C0A8: 6420
Pakupedzisira, akawanda IPv6 aderesi ndezvekuwedzera kwe IPv4 aderesi. Muzviitiko izvi, iyo yakakosha yechina IPv6 kero (iyo yakanyanyisa mbiri-byte paire) inogona kunyorwa zvakare muIvv4 notation. Kutendeuka muenzaniso wepamusoro unosanganiswa nezvibereko
- E3D7 :: 51F4: 9BC8: 192.168.100.32
IPv6 mazita anogona kunyorwa mune chero ipi zvayo yakazara, shorthand kana musanganiswa mifananidzo yakaratidzwa pamusoro apa.