Ethernet masimba akawanda emunzvimbo dzenharaunda dzenyika
Kwemakumi emakumi emakore, Ethernet yakaratidza pachayo sechinhu chisingadhura, chinononoka, uye yakakurumbira teknolojia yeLAN. Izvi zvidzidzo zvinotsanangura basa rinokosha reEthernet uye kuti rinogona sei kushandiswa pamakambani epamba uye emabhizimisi.
The History of Ethernet
Nyanzvi Bob Metcalfe uye DR Boggs vakagadzira Ethernet kutanga muna 1972. Maitiro emabhizimisi akatevedzerwa nebasa ravo akavakwa muna 1980 pasi peIEEE 802.3 yezvakataurwa. Ethernet tsanangudzo inotsanangura zvidzidzo pasi pezinga rekutsvaga data uye vashandi vezvenyanzvi zvekugadzirira vanoda kuziva kuvaka Ethernet michina yakafanana nemakadhi nemataipi.
Teknolojia yeEthernet yakashanduka uye yakamera kwenguva yakareba. Vavhareji vashandi vanogona kuvimba ne-off-the-shelf Ethernet michina yekushanda sezvakagadzirirwa uye kushanda pamwe chete.
Ethernet Technology
Traditional Ethernet inotsigira kuwedzerwa kwemashoko pamyero we megabits 10 pamusi wechipiri (Mbps) . Sezvo kushanda kwaidiwa kwehutano kunowedzera pamusoro penguva, mhizimusi yakagadzira zvimwe zveEthernet zvinyorwa zve Fast Ethernet uye Gigabit Ethernet. Fast Ethernet inowedzera hutsika hweEthernet huripo kusvika paMabha 100 Mbichi uye Gigabit Ethernet kusvika kusvika 1000 Mbps inokurumidza. Kunyange zvazvo zvigadzirwa zvisati zvichishandiswa kumushambadzi wevatengi, 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10,000 Mbps) inowanikwa uye inoshandiswa kune mamwe mabhizimusi emagetsi uye paIndaneti2.
Tsamba dzeEthernet zvakafanana dzinogadzirwa kune chero humwe hwezvidimbu zvakasiyana. Inonyanya kukoshesa Ethernet kambani mumashandisirwo anhasi, Chikamu 5 kana CAT5 cable , inotsigira zvose zvetsika uye Fast Ethernet. Nzvimbo dze 5e (CAT5e) uye CAT6 dzinotsigira Gigabit Ethernet.
Kuti ubatanidze tambo dzeEthernet kune kombiyuta (kana imwe kanda yenethiwekhi), munhu anotambanudza tambo zvakananga mumutambo weEthernet port . Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvisina Ethernet zvinotsigira zvinogonawo kutsigira hutano hweEthernet kuburikidza nematafura akadai se -USB-to-Ethernet adapters. Tsamba dzeEthernet dzinoshandisa zvibatanidza zvinotaridzika zvakadai sechikwata cheRJ-45 chinoshandiswa nematarenda emagariro.
Kuvadzidzi: Mumutambo weOSI, tekninjiniya yeEthernet inoshanda pane zvigadzirwa zvepanyama uye zvepadhi-Layers One uye Two maererano. Ethernet inotsigira yose mitambo yakakurumbira uye mitemo yakakwirira, kunyanya TCP / IP .
Mitauro yeEthernet
Kazhinji zvinonzi Thicknet, 10Base5 ndiyo yekutanga yekugadzirwa kwekombiyuta yeEthernet. Imhizha iyi yakashandisa Thicknet muma1980 kusvika 10Base2 Thinnet yakaonekwa. Kuenzaniswa neT Thicknet, Thinnet akapa ruzivo rwekunyepesa (5 mamita vs 10 mamita) uye kuwedzera kuchinja kabling, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kutengesa zvivako zvehofisi zveEthernet.
Chimiro chakajairika cheEthernet chetsika, zvisinei, chaiva 10Base-T. 10Base-T inonyanya kushandisa magetsi kune Thicknet kana Thinnet, nokuti tambo 10Base-T dzinoshandisa michina isina kushandiswa (UTP) yakashata panzvimbo ye coaxial. 10Base-T vakaratidzawo mari yakawanda kudarika dzimwe nzira dzakadai se fiber optic cabling.
Mimwe mitauro yakawanda inonzi inozivikanwa yeEthernet iripo, kusanganisira 10Base-FL, 10Base-FB, uye 10Base-FP ye fiber optic mitambo uye 10Broad36 yebandaneti yakabatana. Zvose zviri pamusoro apa tsika, kusanganisira 10Base-T dzakagadzirwa zvisina kushandiswa ne Fast uye Gigabit Ethernet.
Zvimwe Nekutsvaga Ethernet
Mumakore ekuma1990, Technology Ethernet yakagadzirwa uye yakagadzirisa zvinangwa zvayo zvekugadzira a) kuwedzera kushanda kweEtemetra yemazuva apo b) kudzivisa kudiwa kwekugadzirisa zvachose maratidziro eEthernet aripo. Fast Ethernet inouya mumarudzi maviri makuru:
- 100Base-T (kushandiswa zvisina kushandiswa twisted pair cable)
- 100Base-FX (kushandisa fiber optic cable)
Nzvimbo yakanyanya kufanirwa yeiyi 100Base-T, muzinga unosanganisira 100Base-TX (Chikamu 5 UTP), 100Base-T2 (Chikamu 3 kana zviri nani UTP), uye 100Base-T4 (100Base-T2 cabling yakachinjwa kuisa mamwe maviri wire pairs).
Zvimwe Pamusoro peGigabit Ethernet
Kunyange zvazvo Ethernet yakatsvaga yakagadziridza tsika yeEthernet kubva pane 10 Megabit kusvika ku100 Megabit, Gigabit Ethernet ine urongwa hwakafanana-hwe-kukura kwepamusoro paEaster Ethernet nekupa kasi ye 1000 Megabits (1 Gigabit). Gigabit Ethernet yakatanga kugadzirwa kufambisa optical nemhangura cabling, asi muB 1000Base-T yakabudirira kuburikidza nayo. 1000Base-T inoshandisa Chikamu 5 cabling yakafanana ne 100 Mbps Ethernet, kunyange kubudirira kwegigabit kunoda kushandiswa kwewedhi twese twese.
Matanho Ethernet uye Mitemo
Traditional Ethernet inoshandisa teresiyo yebhasi, zvinoreva kuti zvese zvishandiso kana masheji ari mumutambo vanoshandisa imwechete yekugoverana mutsara. Chombo chimwe nechimwe chine ine yeEthernet kero, inozivikanwawo seMAC kero . Kutumira zvishandisi zvinoshandisa maatere Ethernet kuti tsanangurire mutori wemagariro aidiwa.
Dhiyabhorosi yakatumirwa pamusoro peEthernet iripo mafomu emafaira. Chimiro cheEthernet chine musoro, chikamu chezvinyorwa, uye nhanho ine rutivi rwakawedzerwa kwete kupfuura 1518 byte. Musoro weEthernet uine mazita edziviriro yeaida uye mutumira.
Dhiyabhorosi yakatumirwa pamusoro peEthernet inotsvaga kuparidzirwa kune zvese zvishandiso pane network. Nokuenzanisa kero yavo yeEthernet nekero iri mumusoro wemafambi, imwe nhare yeEthernet inoedza imwe faira kuti ione kana yakaitirwa ivo uye inoverenga kana inodzinga fomu sezvakakodzera. Mafashoni emagetsi anowedzera basa iri mune hardware yavo.
Devices vanoda kutumira paEthernet kutanga vanoita cheki chekutanga kuti vatarise kana svikiro iripo here kana kuti kutumira ikozvino kuchiri kuitika. Kana Ethernet iripo, iyo inotumira inotumira kune tambo. Zvinogona, zvisinei, kuti zvigadziri zviviri zvichaita izvi kuedza panguva inenge yakafanana uye zvose zvinoparidza panguva imwe chete.
Nekugadzirwa, sekushanda-kushambadzira, mutemo weEthernet haudzivisi kutengesa kamwechete kamwechete. Izvo zvinonzi zvinopesana, kana zvikaitika, zvinokonzera zvose kutumirwa kuti zvikundikane uye zvinoda zvose zvese kutumira zvigadziriswa kuti zvidzore zvakare. Ethernet inoshandisa chirongwa chegoridhe chinoenderana nenguva dzisinganonoki dzenguva yekuona nguva yakakodzera yekumirira pakati pekudzoka zvakare. Iro network adapter inoshandisa iyi algorithm.
Munzira yeEthernet, iyi protocol yekuparadzira, kuteerera, uye kuona kuwirirana inozivikanwa se CSMA / CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection). Mamwe maitiro matsva eEthernet haashandisi CSMA / CD. Pane kudaro, vanoshandisa iyo inonzi yakakwana duplex Ethernet protocol, iyo inotsigira pfungwa-kusvika-kumwe kunotumira panguva imwechete uye inogamuchira pasina yekuteerera inoda kudiwa.
Zvimwe Nezvikwata zveEthernet
Sezvambotaurwa, tambo dzeEthernet dzine zvishoma pakusvika kwavo, uye nzvimbo iyo (sefupi pfupi mamita 100) haina kukwana kuvhara mashizha akaenzana uye makuru ekugadzirwa kwenethiwekhi. Rimwe kudzokorora muEthernet networking chigadziri chinobvumira kuti tambo dzakawanda dzibatanidzwe uye hukuru hwacho hunoparadzaniswa. Bhulogi rinogona kubatanidzwa neEthernet kune imwe yenetere yemhando yakasiyana-siyana, yakadai se wireless network. Imwe nzira yakakurumbira yekufambisa chigadzirwa ndeche Ethernet hub . Zvimwe zvombo dzimwe nguva zvinokanganiswa ne hubs zvinoshandiswa uye routers .
Ethernet network adapters inowanikwawo mumarudzi akawanda. Makombiyuta matsva ega uye mapikirwo emutambo ane shanduro ye Ethernet yakavakwa. I-USB-to-Ethernet adapters uye ma-adapter Ethernet asingasviki anogonawo kugadzirirwa kushanda nemajeri akawanda matsva.
Summary
Ethernet imwe yezvinhu zveInternet's key technologies. Pasinei nokukwegura kwayo, Ethernet inoramba ichitonga masangano akawanda enyika uye inoramba ichinyatsogadziriswa kuti iwane zvinodiwa munguva yemberi yepamusoro-soro mitambo.