Sysklogd inopa maviri system utilities iyo inopa rubatsiro rwekugadzirisa maitiro uye kernel message trapping. Kutsigira kwese internet neyunix domains sockets inobvumira iyi purogiramu yakashandirwa kuti inotsigire zvose zviri mukati uye kure kurega.
Kugadzirwa kwegadziriro kunowanikwa neshanduro ye syslogd (8) yakabva mune zvinyorwa BSD. Kutsigira kwekernel kugadzirwa kwakapiwa neklogd (8) kushandiswa kunoita kuti kernel kugadzira zvigadziriswe mune imwe yemafashoni kana semuteereri we syslogd.
Syslogd inopa rudzi rwekugadzira miti iyo mapurogiramu akawanda emazuva ano anoshandisa. Mharidzo yega yega inenge iine nguva uye yezita remunharaunda mundima, kazhinji purogiramu yezita remapurogiramu, zvakare, asi izvi zvinotenderera kuburikidza nekuvimbika kwaunoita chirongwa chekugadzira.
Kunyange zvazvo zvinyorwa zve syslogd zvakanyatsoshandurwa zvinyorwa zvishoma zviripo. Chokutanga pane zvose zvave zvichiedza kuedza kuti syslogd iite zvisingaiti, tsika yeBSD yakawanda. Mhedziso yechipiri inokosha yekucherechedza ndeyokuti iyi shanduro ye syslogd inobatanidza pachena nehuwandu hwe syslog inowanikwa mumakamuri mahara. Kana bhinari inobatanidza nematareji akaenzana akagoverwa asingakwanisi kuita zvakanaka tinoda muenzaniso wekusava nehanya.
Iko huru yekufaira file /etc/syslog.conf kana imwe faira, yakapiwa ne-- f option, inoverengwa pakatanga. Chero mitsetse inotanga neh hash mark (`` # '') uye mitsara isina chinhu inorashwa. Kana kukanganisa kunoitika panguva yekuparadzanisa mutsara wose hauna hanya.
Zvinyorwa
syslogd [ -a tsvimbo ] [ -d ] [ -f config file ] [ -h ] [ -l mushanyi ] [ -m nguva ] [ -n ] [ -p chikwata ] [ -r ] [ -s domainlist ] [ - v ] [ -x ]
Sarudzo
-chekiti
Kushandisa nharo iyi iwe unogona kutsanangura zvigaro zvewedzerwa kubva kune syslogd inofanira kuteerera. Izvi zvinodikanwa kana uchizorega daemon imwe inomhanya mukati me chroot () mamiriro ezvinhu. Unogona kushandisa kusvika kune zvigaro zvepamusoro 19. Kana nzvimbo yako inoda zvakanyanya, unofanira kuwedzera chiratidzo MAXFUNIX mukati me syslogd.c source file. Muenzaniso we chroot () daemon inotsanangurwa nevanhu vanobva kuWorldBSD pa http://www.psionic.com/papers/dns.html.
-d
Inoshandura mamiriro ekutsvaga. Kushandisa iyi daemon haichazoenderera mberi neforogo (2) kuti izvigadzirire kumashure, asi inopesana neyo inogara mberi uye kunyora zvakawanda zvido zvekutsvaga pamusoro pemazuva ano. Ona chikamu cheDBUGGING kuti uwane mamwe mashoko.
-f config file
Taura imwe nzira yefaira yekufambisa panzvimbo ye /etc/syslog.conf , iyo ndiyo yakashata.
-h
Nokusingaperi syslogd haisi kutumira mharidzo iyo inogamuchira kubva kure. Kunyatsotsanangura uku kushandura pamutsetse wemirayiro kuchaita kuti daemon yegwaro iendese mberi chero mharidzo yakasarudzwa inogamuchirwa kutumira mabhodha ayo akatsanangurwa.
-l mutungamiri
Rondedzera zita rekukoka iro rinofanira kunge rakatongerwa chete neyo nyore zita rezita uye kwete fqdn. Mazana akawanda anogona kushandiswa achishandisa koron (``: '') separator.
-mkati
I syslogd logs chiratidzo chematestamp nguva dzose. Nguva yakasara pakati peviri - MARK - mitsara maminitsi makumi maviri. Izvi zvinogona kushandurwa nechisarudzo ichi. Kugadzirisa nguva kusvika zero kunoshandura zvachose.
-n
Dzivisa auto-background. Izvi zvinodiwa kunyanya kana syslogd inotanga uye inodzorwa ne init (8).
-p zvigaro
Iwe unogona kutsanangura imwe shanduro yeu unix domain panzvimbo ye / dev / log .
-r
Iyi sarudzo ichaita kuti nzvimbo yacho iwane mharidzo kubva kunhare inoshandisa nzvimbo yekombiyiti yakagadzirwa ne syslog service (ona (5)). Izvo zvachose ndechokusagamuchira chero mharidzo kubva kunhare.
Iyi sarudzo inoshandiswa muvhangeri 1.3 ye sysklogd package. Ndapota cherechedza kuti maitiro asina kukanganisa akasiyana nezvakashandurwa nevakuru vekare, saka iwe unogona kuchinja izvi.
-s domainlist
Rondedzera zita rechirongo rinofanira kubviswa risati rasvika. Dzimba dzakawanda dzinogona kunyatsotsanangurwa kushandiswa nekoloni (``: '') separator. Ndapota taurira kuti hapana sub-domains inogona kunyatsoratidzwa asi ndeye dzose domains. Somuenzaniso kana -s north.de ichitsanangurwa uye kugadzirisa kugadzirisa kugadzirisa kugadzirisa ku satu.infodrom.north.de hapana nzvimbo inogona kuderedzwa, iwe uchafananidza mazita maviri akadai: -s north.de:infodrom.north.de .
-v
Shanduro yepinyorwa uye ibva.
-x
Dzvitsa zita rekutsvaga paunowana mazita ari kure. Izvi zvinodzivirira vakafalo iyo nameserver iri kushanda pamushandisi iwoyo unotungamirira syslog daemon.
Zviratidzo
Syslogd inopindirana kune imwe yezvishamiso . Iwe unogona kutumira nyore nyore chiratidzo ku syslogd uchishandisa zvinotevera:
kuuraya -SIGNAL `cat / var / run / syslogd.pid`Sighup
Izvi zvinobvumira syslogd kuita re-initialization. Mafaira ose akazaruka akavharwa, faira yefaira (default is /etc/syslog.conf ) ichadzoka uye syslog (3) nzvimbo inotanga zvakare.
SIGTERM
Syslogd ichafa.
SIGINT , SIGQUIT
Kana kukanganisa kunobvumira izvi zvinoregererwa, zvisinei syslogd ichafa.
SIGUSR1
Shandisa kugadzirisa pane / kurega. Izvi zvinogona kushandiswa chete kana syslogd inotanga ne-- d debug sarudzo.
SIGCHLD
Chimirira vana kana vamwe vakaberekerwa, nekuda kwemashoko e'ur'ing.
Kugadzira File Syntax Kusiyana
Syslogd inoshandisa syntax yakasiyana-siyana yefaira yayo yekugadzirisa kupfuura yakasikwa BSD. Pakutanga yose mharidzo yeimwe nzvimbo yakakosha uye pamusoro yakatumirwa kulogiti yegiyo.
Semuenzaniso, mutsara unotevera wakakonzera Zvose zvinokonzerwa nemadhemoni achishandisa daemon zvivako (kukanganisa ndiko kunonyanya kukoshesa, saka ose akakwirira achafananidza) kupinda / usr / adm / daemons :
# Sample syslog.conf daemon.debug / usr / adm / daemonsPasi pechirongwa chitsva, chiito ichi chinoramba chiri chakafanana. Kusiyana ndiko kuwedzera kwezvitsva zvitsva zvitsva, the asterisk ( * ) wildcard, chiratidzo che equation ( = ), chirevo chekucherechedza ( ! ), Uye chiratidzo chisina ( - ).
Iko * inotsanangura kuti mharidzo dzose dzedzvimbo yakatarwa dzinofanira kutungamirirwa kune imwe nzvimbo. Cherechedza kuti chiito ichi chinopera nekujekesa chikwata chekutanga chekugadzirisa. Vashandi vakaratidza kuti chiziviso che asterisk chinowedzera.
Ikoko = wildcard inoshandiswa kurega kupinda kune imwe yepamusoro. Izvi zvinobvumira, somuenzaniso, kugadzirisa kungovhiringidza mharidzo kune imwe nzvimbo yekugadzira miti.
Semuenzaniso, mutsara unotevera mu syslog.conf unotungamirira kudemba kwemashoko kubva kune zvose zvinyorwa kuenda ku / usr / adm / debug file.
# Sample syslog.conf *. = Debug / usr / adm / debugThe ! inoshandiswa kurega kuvhara kwezvinhu zvakataurwa kare. Izvi zvinokanganisa zvose (!) Mikana yekujekesa zvinhu zvinokosha.
Semuenzaniso, mitsara inotevera inogona kuvhara mharidzo yese yeiyo yepail mail kunze kweivo vane ruzivo rwekutanga kune / usr / adm / mail mail . Uye yese mharidzo kubva news.info (kusanganisira) kune news.crit (kusabatanidzwa) inogona kuiswa ku / usr / adm / news file.
# Sample syslog.conf mail * *; mail.! = Info / usr / adm / mail news.info; news.! Crit / usr / adm / newsIwe ungashandisa iyo intuitively sechinhu chisingazivikanwi. Tsanangudzo yakataurwa pamusoro apa inongororwa. Kuita izvo iwe ungashandisa
mail.nonekana
mail.! *kana
mail.! debugkutamba mashoko ose anouya ne-mail kituo. Kune nzvimbo yakawanda yekuita nayo. :-)
I - inogona kungoshandiswa kuisa firimu kana iwe uchida kusiya kusiyanisa faira mushure mekunyora kune imwe mairi.
Izvi zvinogona kutora zvimwe kugadziriswa kune avo vanhu vanoshandiswa kuhutsika hwakachena hweBDD asi vatsva vakaratidza kuti iyi syntax inenge yakanyatsoshandiswa kupfuura yeBDD maitiro. Cherechedza kuti kuchinja uku hakufaniri kukanganisa zviyero zvakakwana zve syslog.conf (5) mafaira. Iwe unofanirwa kuchinja zvakananga mafaira ekugadzirisa kuti uwane unhu hunosimbiswa.
Kutsigira Kwekude Kurega Logging
Izvi zvinogadziriswa zvinopa rutivi rwekuchengetedza ruvara kune syslogd nzvimbo. Network support inoreva kuti mharidzo inogona kutumirwa kubva kune imwe node inoshandisa syslogd kune imwe node inoshandisa syslogd uko ichange ichinyorwa kune disk file.
Kuti uite izvi unofanirwa kujekesa -r sarudzo pamutsetse wemirairo. Izvozvo zvinoshandiswa ndezvokuti syslogd haingateereri mutambo.
Nzira iyi ndeyekuti syslogd inzwe pane imwe yero yekoniyuni yeruzivo yega yega inowanikwa magwaro. Iyi miitiro ichabvumira syslogd kushandira pamwe nes syslog inowanikwa mumutauro weC standard. Panguva imwecheteyo syslogd inoteerera pamusoro pechiyero syslog port yemashoko anotumirwa kubva kune mamwe masimba. Kuti uve nebasa iri nenzira yakakodzera masangano (5) mafaira (anowanzowanika mune / etc ) anofanira kunge ane chinyorwa chinotevera:
syslog 514 / udpKana iyi inopinda isiri syslogd uye haigoni kugamuchira mashoko ari kure kana kuatumira, nokuti dhipu reDP harifaniri kuzarurwa. Pane kudaro, syslogd ichafa pakarepo, ichivhuvhuta mhosho yemashoko.
Kuita kuti mharidzo inotumirwa kune imwe nzvimbo inoshandura nzvimbo inowanikwa faira yetsamba mune syslog.conf file nezita remubati iyo iyo mharidzo inotumirwa inotarisirwa ne @.
Semuenzaniso, kutumira mashoko ALL kune imwe nzvimbo yakadzika kushandisa siriku inotevera syslog.conf :
# Sample syslogd configuration file kune # maziso kune imwe nzvimbo iri kure kurega zvose. * * @hostnameKuendesa mberi kernel mharidzo kune imwe nzvimbo yakasara iyo faira yefaira yaizoita seyiyo:
# Sample configuration file kuti iendese kernel # mharidzo kune imwe nzvimbo iri kure. kern. * @hostnameKana zita remunharaunda iri kure kuregoni kugadziriswa pakatanga, nokuti zita-server rinogona kusakwanika (rinogona kutanga pashure pe syslogd) haufaniri kunetseka. Syslogd ichadzoka zvakare kuzogadzirisa zita racho kaviri ndokuzogunun'una. Chimwe chingaita kudzivisa izvi ndechokuisa zita remutambo mu / etc / mauto .
Nechinyakare syslogd s iwe unogona kuwana syslog-loops kana iwe utumira mharidzo dzakagamuchirwa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yakadzika kuenda kune imwechete yeimba (kana zvakanyanya kuoma kune mumwe wevaiti wechitatu anozvitumira kudzokera kune yekutanga, nezvakadaro). Munharaunda yangu (Infodrom Oldenburg) isu takanganisa takawana imwe uye diski dzedu dzakazadzwa nemumwechete mharidzo. :-(
Kuti udzivise izvi mune dzimwe nguva hapana mharidzo yakagamuchirwa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yakasununguka inotumirwa kune imwe (kana iyo yakafanana) yakasununguka. Kana pane zviitiko apo izvi zvisinganzwisisiki, ndapota ndidzidzei (Joey) mutsetse.
Kana nzvimbo yakasununguka iri munzvimbo imwechete semuiti, syslogd iri kuenderera mberi, chete zita rezita rejecha richabatwa pane nzvimbo yose fqdn.
Mune hutano hwemunharaunda iwe unogona kupa hutachiona hwepakiti yepamusoro kuti uwane mashoko ose anokosha akachengetwa pamushini mumwe. Kana iyo mambure iine mazita akasiyana-siyana haufaniri kunetseka pamusoro pokugadzira mabhii mazita akazara pane nzvimbo dzemazita emazita. Iwe unogona kushandisa ruvara-kizinda chezvinhu -zvesvhisi iyi. Iwe unogona kutaurira syslogd kubvisa mazita emamwe mazita kunze kweiyo iyo server iri mukati uye chete log loginames chete.
Kushandisa-- i sarudzo kunewo mukana wekutsanangura mauto asina kushandiswa semichina yemunharaunda. Izvi, zvakare, zvinoguma pakugadzira mabhizimisi avo chete mazita evanhu kwete mafqdns.
Dhokiti ye UDP inoshandiswa kutumira mharidzo kune vamwe vari kure kana kuti kugamuchira mharidzo kubva kwavari inongovhurwa kana ichidikanwa. Mukusunungurwa kusati kwa3: 1.3-23 yakazarurwa nguva dzose asi haisati yavhura kuverenga kana kuenda kune imwe neimwe.
Mhedzisiro kunonzi Namapapipi (FIFOs)
Iyi shanduro ye syslogd ine chitsigiro chekugadzira zvinyorwa kune mazita emapipi (fifos). Iko mashanu kana kuti zita rinonzi pombi rinogona kushandiswa senzvimbo yekuendesa manyore egiyo nekugadzirira chiratidzo chepipy (`` | '') kune zita refaira. Izvi zvakagadzirisa zvekugadzirisa. Cherechedza kuti iyo mashanu inofanira kuve yakasikwa neye mkfifo command musati syslogd yatanga.
Iyi inotevera maitiro ekufambisa mafaira nzira dzekubudirira kubva kune kernel kusvika kune mashanu:
# Sample configuration kuti ishandise kernel debugging # mamiriyo PANE kusvika / usr / adm / debug iyo inonzi # inonzi pipe. kern = kurambidza | / usr / adm / debugKuiswa Kunetseka
Pano pane imwe inokosha inofungidzirwa paunoshandisa iyi shanduro ye syslogd. Iyi shanduro ye syslogd inobva pakurongeka kwakakodzera kwemashoko ne syslog function. Kushanda kwe syslog basa mumakamuri akagoverwa akachinjwa pane imwe nzvimbo munharaunda ye libc.so.4. [2-4] .n. Kushandurwa kwakananga kwaiva kusimbisa-kupedzisa shoko racho risati rachiendesa ku / dev / log socket. Kushanda kwakakodzera kweiyi shanduro ye syslogd inobva pane kusina-kugumisa kwemashoko.
Dambudziko iri rinowanzozviratidzira kana chekare chichibatanidza kubatanidza chiri kushandiswa pamutambo. Binary kushandisa shanduro dzekare dze syslog basa dzichaita kuti mitsetse isina chinhu igare yakatevedzwa nemashoko ane unhu hwekutanga mumashoko akabviswa. Kudonongodza idzi mabhanari kune zvitsva zveshanduro dzematareji akagoverwa achagadzirisa dambudziko iri.
Zvose syslogd (8) uye klogd (8) inogona kunge ichimhanya kubva init (8) kana inotanga sechikamu cheRC *. Kana yakatangira kubva init chisarudzo-hachifaniri kuiswa, zvisinei, uchawana matani e syslog daemons akatanga. Ichi ndechokuti init (8) inobva pane inonzi ID.
Zvokuchengetedza Zvinotyisa
Iko kunogona kwechi syslogd daemon kushandiswa sechirwere chekuramba kubasa kurwisa. Ndokutenda kuenda kunaJohn Morrison (jmorriso@rflab.ee.ubc.ca) kuti andinzwisise kune izvozvi. Purogiramu yakaoma (marungwa) inogona nyore nyore kuunza syslogd daemon nemishumo ye syslog inoita kuti mafaira egore achidya zvose zvakasara panzvimbo yefaira . Kushanda kugadziriswa kwepamusoro peimba ye inet zvigaro zvichange zvichinyatsobudisa hurongwa hwehutano kunze kwezvirongwa kana vanhu vari pamushini wekune imwe nzvimbo.
Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekudzivirira makina:
- Itai kuti kernel firewalling inopedzisira ichinyatsogadzirisa iyo yakagadziriswa kana kuti mitambo inogona kuwana zvigaro zve 514 / UDP.
- Kugadzirisa kunogona kutungamirirwa kune imwe nzvimbo yakasarura kana isiri-midzi iyo, kana ichizadzwa, haizokanganisa mishonga.
- Icho chest2 chekufaira chinogona kushandiswa chinogona kugadzirirwa kuti chigadzire zvimwe zvikamu zvefaira rekushandisa kushandiswa nemidzi chete. Cherechedza kuti izvi zvinoda syslogd kuti iite semutambo usingaiti. DZIMWE IYE ZVAZVI kuti izvi zvicharambidza kushandiswa kwekuregererwa kwemasvingo kubva kure syslogd zvisingakwanisi kusunga kumatare 514 / UDP.
- Kukanganiswa kwe inet domain sockets kunogadzirisa njodzi kumushandisi wemunharaunda.
- Shandisa danho rechina uye kana chinetso chichiripo uye hachisi chechipiri kune chirongwa chakasimba / daemon kuwana 3.5 ft (inenge 1 mita) urefu hwetsvimbo * uye utaure nemunhu ari mubvunzo. Sucker rod def. --- 3/4, 7/8 kana 1in. danda rakaoma simbi, mukomana akabatanidzwa pamagumo ose. Kunyanya kushandiswa mumakambani emafuta muWestern North Dakota uye kune dzimwe nzvimbo kuti apinde 'mafuta anoyamwa' kubva mumiti yemafuta. Secondary use ndeyekuvakwa kwemombe yekupa zviyo uye nekubata pamwe nenguva yekudzoka kana kurwisana.
Kudzokorora
Apo kugadzirisa kushandiswa kunoshandiswa kushandisa -d sarudzo ipapo syslogd ichave yakanyora verbose nekunyora zvakawanda zvezvavanoita pa stdout. Nguva ipi neipi faira yekugadziriswa ichidzokorora uye inodzingiswa zvakare iwe uchaona tabular, inowirirana nekamukati chekugadzira data. Iyi tabular ine minda mina:
nhamba
Iyi munda ine nhamba ye serial inotanga ne zero. Iyi nhamba inomiririra chinzvimbo chiri mukati chekugadzirisa dhigirii (kureva iyo yakaitwa). Kana imwe nhamba yasara kunze ipapo pangava nekanganiso mumutsara unoenderana mune /etc/syslog.conf .
pattern
Iyi munda inonyangadza uye inomiririra sangano mukati. Nhare imwe neimwe inomirira nzvimbo (tarisa syslog (3)). Sezvaunogona kuona, pane zvimwe zvivako zvakasiyiwa pasina zvekare zvekushandisa, asi yega yega yakasara inoshandiswa. Mimwe yese iri muhomwe inomirira zvinhu zvinokosha (tarisa syslog (3)).
chiito
Iyi munda inotsanangura chiito chaicho chinoitika apo chero mharidzo inogamuchirwa inofanana neyo muenzaniso. Taura nezve syslog.conf (5) manpage yezviito zvose zvinogoneka.
nharo
Iyi minda inoratidza zvimwe zvikonzero kune zviito zviri mumunda wekupedzisira. For file-logging iyi ndiyo filename ye logfile; nekuda kwekushandisa-kugadzira iyi inongedzo yevashandisi; nokuda kwekuchera kure iyi ndiyo zita reimba yekushandisa kugadzira; for console-logging iyi ndiyo yakashandiswa console; nokuti kutemwa kwemapuranga iyi ndiyo yakataurwa; rusvingo haruna mamwe maonero.
Onawo
Vashandi
Syslogd inotorwa kubva kune BSD sources, Greg Wettstein (greg@wind.enjellic.com) yakaita chikwangwani kuLinux , Martin Schulze (joey@linux.de) akagadzirisa zvimwe zvikwata uye akawedzera zvimwe zvinhu zvitsva. Klogd pakutanga yakanyorwa naSteve Lord (lord@cray.com), Greg Wettstein akaita shanduko huru.
Dr. Greg Wettstein
Enjellic Systems Development
Oncology Research Division Computing Facility
Roger Maris Cancer Center
Fargo, ND
greg@wind.enjellic.com
Stephen Tweedie
Dhipatimendi reComputer Science
Edinburgh University, Scotland
sct@dcs.ed.ac.uk
Juha Virtanen
jiivee@hut.fi
Shane Alderton
shane@ion.apana.org.au
Martin Schulze
Infodrom Oldenburg
joey@linux.de
Zvinonyanya kukosha: Shandisa mutemo wevanhu ( % munhu ) kuti uone kuti murairo unoshandiswa sei pane imwe kombiyuta.
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