dhclient - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client
SYNOPSIS
dhclient [ -p port ] [ -d ] [ -q ] [ -1 ] [ -r ] [ -ff file-lease ] [ -pf pid-file ] [ -cf config-file ] [ -sf script-file ] [ -s server ] [ -g relay] [ -n ] [ -nw ] [ -w ] [ if0 [ ... ifN ]]
DESCRIPTION
IInternet Software Consortium DHCP Client, dhclient, inopa nzira yekugadzirisa imwe kana kupfuura mitambo inoshandiswa kushandisa Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, BOOTP protocol, kana kuti mitemo iyi inokundikana, nekutaridzika imwe nzvimbo kero.
KUBATSIRA
DHCP protocol inobvumira munhu mukuru kuti ataure nhengo huru iyo inoramba iine mazita eIndaneti iyo inogona kugoverwa pane imwe kana kupfuura pasi. Mutengi weDHCP anogona kukumbira kero iri kubva mudziva iri, uye oishandisa naro kwenguva pfupi yekukurukurirana pane unhu. DHCP protocol inopawo nzira iyo iyo muteresi anogona kudzidza zvakakosha mashoko pamusoro pehutano kwahuri kuiswa, zvakadai senzvimbo yemahara router, nzvimbo yezita serivha, nezvimwewo zvakadaro.
Pakutanga, dhclient inodzokorora dhclient.conf yekuraira mirayiridzo. Iko zvino inowana runyoro rweese network interfaces iyo yakagadzirirwa muhurongwa huripo. Pamusoro pechinyorwa chimwe nechimwe, inoedza kugadzirisa zvinoshandiswa pakushandisa kushandisa DHCP protocol.
Kuti uchengetedze zvibvumirano zvekushanda patsva reboots uye server rekugadzirisa, dhclient inochengetedza urongwa hwekushandira iyo yakagoverwa mu dhclient.leases (5) file. Pakutanga, mushure mekuverenga dhclient.conf file, dhclient inoverenga dhclient.faira faira kuti ivandudze pfungwa dzayo pamusoro pekubhadhara kwave kupiwa.
Apo chikwata chitsva chinowanikwa, chinowedzerwa kusvika pakuguma kwe dhclient.leases file. Kuti uchengetedze faira isati ive yakakura, nguva nenguva dhclient inogadzira dhclient.leases file itsva kubva mu-core core rental database. Shanduro yekare ye dhclient.leases file yakachengetwa pasi pezita rokuti dhclient.leases ~ kusvikira panguva inotevera dhclient inonyorazve dhesi.
Vashandi vekare vanochengetedzwa pari pose kana server yeDHCP isingawanikwi kana dhclient inotanga kubvunzwa (kazhinji panguva yekutanga maitiro ekugadzirisa maitiro). Muchiitiko ichocho, zvikwereti zvekare kubva ku dhclient.leases file izvo zvisati zvambopera zvinoedzwa, uye kana zvakatsunga kuva zvibvumirano, zvinoshandiswa kusvikira zvichange zvapera kana seva DHCP inowanikwa.
Nhamba yefoni iyo dzimwe nguva inoda kuwanika nhandare iyo isina DHCP seva iripo inogona kunge ichitarisirwa nebhasi yekodhi yakagadzirirwa pane iyo network. Apo zvose zvinoedza kuonana ne server DHCP zvakakundikana, dhclient ichaedza kugadzirisa chibvumirano chekugadzirisa, uye kana ikabudirira, inoshandisa chibharo ichocho kusvikira ichizotangazve.
Imwe nhare inogonawo kufamba kune mamwe maitiro ayo DHCP haisipo asi BOOTP ndiyo. Muchiitiko ichocho, zvingave zvakakosha kugadzirisa ne network network administrator kwekupinda pane database yeBOTOT, kuitira kuti munhu wacho anokwanisa kubhurisa nokukurumidza pamutambo iwoyo panzvimbo yebhasikiti kuburikidza neurongwa hwehutano hwekare.
MIRAYIRO LINE
Mazita e-network interfaces ayo dhclient anofanirwa kuedza kugadzirisa anogona kutsanangurwa pamutsara wemirairo. Kana kusina mazita mazita anotsanangurwa pamusoro pemutsetse wemirairo dhclient inowanzoona dzose network interfaces, kubvisa zvisingadi kuparadzanisa interfaces kana zvichibvira, uye kuedza kugadzirisa imwe shanduro.
Izvo zvinokwanisika kutsanangura interfaces nemazita mu dhclient.conf (5) file. Kana zvinopindirana zvinotaurwa nenzira iyi, ipapo muteresi achangogadzirisa zvinyorwa zvinenge zvataurwa mufaira rekushandura kana pamutsetse wemirairo, uye haazobvumi zvimwe zvese zvinopindirana.
Kana muteresi weDHCP achifanira kuteerera uye kutumira kune rimwe gungwa kunze kweiyo (ganda 68), -p- flag inogona kushandiswa. Inofanira kuteverwa neudp port nhamba iyo dhclient inofanira kushandisa. Izvi zvinonyanya kubatsira pakushandura zvinangwa. Kana imwe gorozi yakatarisirwa kuitira kuti muchengeti anoteerere uye aenderere mberi, muchengeti achashandisawo nzvimbo yakasiyana-siyana yekufambisa - imwe yakakura kudarika nzvimbo yakananga kuenda.
Mutengi weDHCP anowanzoendesa chero mharidzo yeprotocol iyo inotuma usati wawana IP kero, 255.255.255.255, iyo IP yakatarwa nhepfenyuro yedhesi. Nokuda kwekugadzirisa zvinangwa, zvingabatsira kuti server iendese iyi mharidzo pane imwe kero. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa ne - mureza, iyo inoteverwa neIndaneti kana zita rekero rekuenda.
Kuti uedze zvinangwa, iyo giaddr munda wezvose mapikiti ayo mutengi anotumira anogona kugadzirirwa achishandisa -g mureza, inoteverwa neIndaneti yekutumira. Izvi zvinongobatsira chete kuongororwa, uye hazvifanirwe kutarisirwa kushanda mune chero nzira yakagadzikana kana inobatsira.
Mutengi weDHCP anowanzoshanda mberi kusvikira agadzirisa chinongedzo, uye ipapo achadzoka achienda mberi. Kuti ishande simba dhclient kuti ugare uchitanga senzira yepamberi, i- d mureza inofanira kuiswa. Izvi zvinobatsira paunenge uchimhanya muchengeti pasi pechigadzirisa, kana paunenge uchimhanya uchibva muInittab pane zveS system V.
Muteereri anowanzoshandura kutanga mharidzo uye anoonesa purogiramu yekutevedzera kusvika kune yakawandisa kukanganisa tsanangudzo kusvikira yawana kero, uye ipapo chete magwaro achishandisa syslog (3) nzvimbo. I --a- flag inodzivirira chero mimwe mitauro kunze kwezvikanganiso kubva pakudhindwa kusvika kune zvakashata zvinyorwa zvinotsanangura.
Mutengi wacho haasi kusunungura chibharo chazvino sezvo hachidikanwi neDHCP protocol. Mamwe mafaira eIPs anoda kuti vashandi vavo vaudze server kana vachida kusunungura kero ye IP yakapiwa. I-- r flag inodonongodza kubhadhara kwemazuva ano, uye kana chibvumirano chabudiswa, mutengi wacho anobva.
I- 1 flag inokonzera dhclient kuedza kamwe chete kuti uwane chikwereti. Kana ikakundikana, dhclient inopinda nekunachoka kode mbiri.
Mutengi weDHCP anowanzowana ruzivo rwekugadzirisa kubva ku /etc/dhclient.conf, dhesi yekodha yekambani kubva pane /var/lib/dhcp/dhclient.leases, inochengetedza maitiro eIndaneti mune faira inonzi /var/run/dhclient.pid, uye inogadzirisa iyo network inoshandiswa kushandisa / sbin / dhclient-script Kutaura mazita akasiyana uye / kana nzvimbo dzemafaira aya, shandisa-- cf, -lf, -pf uye -sf mabhogi, maererano, inoteverwa nezita refaira. Izvi zvinogona kunyanya kubatsira kana, semuenzaniso, / var / lib / dhcp kana / var / run zvisati zvasimuka apo mutengi weDHCP anotanga.
Mutengi weDHCP anowanzobuda kana asingakwanisi kuziva chero network interfaces yekugadzirisa. Pamakombiyuta makombiyuta nemamwe makombiyuta ane mabhasi anotsvaga e-I / O, zvinokwanisika kuti shanduro yekushambadzira inogona kuwedzerwa mushure mekutanga kwenyika. I-mureza inogona kushandiswa kuita kuti muchengeti arege kubuda kana asingakwanisi kuwanika mukati mazvo. Purogiramu ye omshell (8) inogona kushandiswa kuzivisa muchengeti apo unhu hutachiona huwedzerwa kana hubviswa, kuitira kuti muteresi anogona kuedza kugadzirisa kero yePI pane iyo inosangana.
Mutengi weDHCP anogona kutungamirirwa kuti arege kuedza kugadzirisa chero upi zvapi zvichishandiswa uchishandisa-mureza. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvichinyatsobatanidzwa pamwe chete ne-mureza.
Mutevedzeri anogonawo kurayirirwa kuti ave daemon pakarepo, panzvimbo pokumirira kusvikira yawana IP kero. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekupa mureza -nw .
KUFUNGISA
Mutsara we dhclient.conf (8) faira inokurukurwa zvakanyanya.
OMAPI
Mutengi weDHCP anopa humwe hutano hwekuribata iyo huchimhanya, pasina kuimisa. Izvi zvinopa huwandu uchishandisa OMAPI, API yekushandisa zvinhu zviri kure. OMAPI vatengi vanobatanidza kune muchengeti achishandisa TCP / IP, kuvimbika, uye vanogona kuongorora mamiriro ehutano hwemuteereri uye kuchinja kwairi.
Panzvimbo pokushandura chinangwa cheOOPI chinonyatsotarisana, mapurogiramu evashandi anofanira kushandisa dhcpctl API kana OMAPI pachayo. Dhcpctl inoputira iyo inotarisira mamwe mabasa ekuchengeta imba iyo OMAPI isingashanduki. Dhcpctl uye OMAPI zvakanyorwa mu dhcpctl (3) uye omapi (3) . Zvinhu zvakawanda zvaungada kuita nemutengi zvinogona kuitwa zvakananga kushandisa omshell (1) murairo, panzvimbo pokunyora purogiramu chaiyo.
CHINANGWA CHINHU
Kudzora chinhu chinokubvumira kuti uvhare muchengeti pasi, ubudise mari yese yaunoshandisa iyo uye inobvisa chero DNS zvinyorwa zvingave zvakawedzerwa. Inokubvumirawo kuti usimbise muchengeti - izvi hazvifananidzi zvinoshandiswa nevatengi vari kushandisa. Iwe unogona kutanga uchitanga, iyo inokonzera kuti iyananise zvakare iyo interfaces. Iwe unowanzomira kumbomira muteresi usati wapinda muhubernation kana kurara pamakombiyuta epakombiyuta. Iwe unodzokorora zvakare mushure mekunge simba racho richidzoka. Izvi zvinobvumira PC makadhi kuti apfigwe apo kombiyuta iri kuvhara kana kurara, uye yobva yadzorerwazve kune imwe nyika yapfuura kana kombiyuta ichibuda kubva pakurota kana kurara.
Kudzora chinhu chinhu chimwechete - chirevo chehurumende. Kuti uvhare muchengeti pasi, sarudza mararamiro ayo kune 2. Inotora DHCPRELEASE. Kuti uimise, ita zvaunofunga kuti 3. Kuti uutangezve, ita zvaunofunga ku 4.
Zvinonyanya kukosha: Shandisa mutemo wevanhu ( % munhu ) kuti uone kuti murairo unoshandiswa sei pane imwe kombiyuta.