Shanduro yeMedia Access Control (MAC) inhamba nhamba yebhinari inoshandiswa kunyanya kuziva makombiyuta emakombiyuta emakombiyuta. Iyi nhamba (dzimwe nguva inonzi "hardware address" kana "adhesi dzemaoko") dzakapindirwa mumutambo we hardware panguva yekugadzira, kana kuchengetwa mu firmware, uye yakagadzirirwa kusagadziriswa.
Vamwewo vanovataurira se "Ethernet aderesi" nokuda kwezvikonzero zvezvakaitika kare, asi mhando dzakawanda dzemashandisirwo ose vanoshandisa MAC kushutisa kusanganisira Ethernet , Wi-Fi , uye Bluetooth .
Chimiro cheMAC Address
Matare eCAC maitiro ane ma-12-digit (6 bytes kana 48 bits ) nhamba ye hexadecimal . Nekokorodzano, dzinowanzonyorwa mune imwe yezvimiro zvitatu zvinotevera:
- MM: MM: MM: SS: SS: SS
- MM-MM-MM-SS-SS-SS
- MMM.MMM.SSS.SSS
Icho chinosara 6 nhamba (24 bits) inonzi "chimbichimbi" chinosanganiswa nejadziri weapadri. Mutengesi mumwe nomumwe anonyora uye anowana maMAC prefixes sezvaakapiwa neIEEE. Vatengesi vanowanzova nemazita akawanda ekutanga anosanganiswa nemiti yakasiyana-siyana. Somuenzaniso, prefixes 00:13:10, 00: 25: 9C uye 68: 7F: 74 (pamwe nevamwe vakawanda) vose ndevane Linksys ( Cisco Systems ).
Nhamba yakakwana yematare eMAC inomiririra nhamba yekuzivikanwa yechinhu chakanaka. Pakati pezvigadzirwa zvose zvinogadzirwa neshanduro imwe chete yevatengesi, mumwe nomumwe anopiwa nhengo yavo yakasiyana-siyana ye 24-bit. Cherechedza kuti hardware kubva kune vatengesi vakasiyana-siyana inogona kuitika kuti igovere chikamu chimwe chete chekero kero.
64-bit MAC Mazita
Nepo maitirwo emakadhi eCAC ari ose mabhii makumi mashanu, huwandu hwemasero hunoda ma-64-bit adere panzvimbo. ZigBee wireless home automation nedzimwe mitambo yakadaro yakavakirwa paIEEE 802.15.4, somuenzaniso, inoda 64-bit MAC aderesi kugadziriswa pamadivayiri avo ema hardware.
TCP / IP mitambo yakabva paIvv6 inoshandisa nzira yakasiyana yekukurukurirana maMAC addresses kana zvichienzaniswa nePv4 yakawanda . Pane nzvimbo 64-bit hardware addresses, kunyange zvakadaro, IPv6 inotsinangurira 48-bit MAC kerosi kune imwe 64-bit kero nekuisa imwe (fixedcoded) 16-bit mutengo FFFE pakati pekugadzirisa chikwata uye identifier yedhiyo. IPv6 inodana nhamba idzi "identifiers" kuti dziparadzanise kubva kuchokwadi 64-bit hardware adresses.
Somuenzaniso, 48-bit MAC kero 00: 25: 96: 12: 34: 56 inowanikwa paIndaneti ye IPv6 se (inowanzonyorwa mune imwe yemhando mbiri idzi):
- 00: 25: 96: FF: FE: 12: 34: 56
- 0025: 96FF: FE12: 3456
MAC vs. IP Address Relationship
TCP / IP mashandisi anoshandisa zvose maMAC aderesi neIndaneti asi nekuda kwezvinangwa zvakasiyana. Kero yeMAC inoramba ichinyatsogadzirirwa hardware yedhijiti apo kero yePI yekona imwechete inogona kuchinjwa zvichienderana neTCP / IP network network configuration. Media Access Control inoshanda pa Layer 2 yemuenzaniso weOSI apo Internet Protocol inoshanda paCheta 3 . Izvi zvinobvumira MAC kutarisa kushandira mamwe marudzi emasetra kunze kweTCP / IP.
IP mitambo inoshandura kutendeuka pakati pe IP uye MAC dzero kushandisa Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) . Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) inotsigira ARP kutarisira basa rakasiyana-siyana reIndaneti kumapurisa.
MAC Mutsamba Cloning
Vamwe veInternet Service Providers vanobatanidza imwe neimwe yezvigaro zvekugara kumakadhi kumatareji eMAC eimba yekamba router (kana imwe kedhi rejedhi). Kero inowanikwa nemupiki haishanduki kusvikira mutengi achidzoka pagedhi ravo, sekunge akaisa router itsva . Apo gedhi rekugara rinoshandurwa, Indaneti inopa iye zvino inoona imwe MAC address yakatarwa ichirondedzerwa uye inovhara iyo network kubva paIndaneti.
Imwe nzira inonzi "cloning" inogadzirisa dambudziko iri nekuita kuti router (gateway) irambe ichitaura yekare MAC kero kumunhu anopa mvumo kunyange zvazvo iyo yedhipatimendi ye hardware yakasiyana. Vatungamiri vanogona kugadzirisa router yavo (vachifunga kuti inotsigira izvi, sezvinoita vakawanda) kushandisa sarudzo yeklononi uye kupinda maAAC Mheji yegedhi rekare muchikwangwani chekugadzirisa. Kana cloning isingawanikwi, mutengi anofanira kutaurirana nemubatsiri webasa kuti anyorese jedhi ravo idzva remasuo pane.