The Phone Book yeInternet
Indaneti uye yakawanda yakawanda yeInternet Protocol (IP) mitambo inotenderera pane kuvimba neWorld Name System (DNS) kubatsira kutungamirira kufamba. DNS inochengetedza dhiyabhorosi inoshandiswa yemazita ematare neateresi, uye inopa nzira dzemakombiyuta kuti zvinyatsoongorora mubhuku rekudoma. Vamwe vanhu vanodana DNS "bhuku refoni reInternet."
DNS uye World Wide Web
Zvose zviri paIndaneti zvinowanikwa pamaseva anowanirana neIndaneti nemadhorosi eIndaneti . Mavhareji eWebhu paIndaneti.com, somuenzaniso, ane adresa sa 207.241.148.80. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vachikwanisa kunyora ruzivo rwekeroti se http://207.241.148.80/ mumavhidhiyo evhidhiyo kuti vashanyire nzvimbo, vachikwanisa kushandisa mazita akakodzera se http://www.about.com/ zvinonyanya kukosha.
IInternet inoshandisa DNS sezita repasi rose rekugadzirisa kushandiswa kwemasayiti eWebhu. Kana mumwe munhu akaisa zita resaiti mumusikana wavo, DNS inotarisa kumusoro kweIndaneti yepaIndaneti iyoyo, iyo inoda kudiwa kuti iite unhu hwekubatanidza pakati peWeb browser nemaseva eWebhu .
DNS Vashumiri uye Zita Hierarchy
DNS inoshandisa mukana weklayiti / server network . DNS servers ndiwo makombiyuta akasarudzwa kuchengetedza DNS database rekodhi (mazita neadhesi), asi vatengi veDNS vanosanganisira PCs, mafoni nemamwe madivayiri evashandisi vekupedzisira. DNS servers dzinosanganawo pamwe chete, zvichiita sevatengi kune mumwe kana zvichidiwa.
Iyo DNS inoronga mashupiti ayo muhutungamiri. Pamusoro peIndaneti, izvo zvinonzi mizi zita remaseva vanogara kumusoro kweDNS hierarchy. Izwi remidziyo yezita reIndaneti rinotarisira DNS server yehusaiti yeWeb's top-level domains (TLD) (se ".com" uye ".uk"), kunyanya mazita uye IP mazita ezvakagadzirwa (anonzi ane simba ) DNS sevashumiri vane chekupindura mibvunzo pamusoro peTLD imwe neimwe. Masevhisi panzvimbo yakaderera inotevera yeDNS hierarchy track mazita echirongwa chechipiri-mazita uye adere (sa "about.com"), uye mamwe mazinga anotarisira web domains (se "compnetworking.about.com").
DNS servers dzinosungirwa uye dzakachengetedzwa nemabhizimisi ega ega uye masangano anotonga Indaneti pasi rose. NezveInternet, 13 mazita mavhavhari (chaizvoizvo matombo emadziro emichina kumativi ose enyika) anotsigira mazana eInternet kumusoro-level domains, nepo About.com inopa mazita eDNS sevhangeri yemasayiti mukati memutambo wayo. Misangano inogonawo kuisa DNS pamaganzura avo ega ega, pane zvishoma.
Zvimwe - Chii chinonzi DNS Server?
Kugadzira Networks yeDNS
DNS vatengi (anonzi resolvers ) vanoda kushandisa DNS vanofanira kunge vakagadzirirwa pamutambo wavo. Kugadzirisa mhinduro yeDNS uchishandura ( static ) IP marenda eimwe kana kupfuura DNS sevhisi. Pamuzinda weimba, DNS server yekero inogona kugadziridzwa kamwe pane webbandaneti yakawanda uye inotorwa nemavhidhiyo , kana kuti kero dzingagadziridzwa pamuteereri mumwe nomumwe. Home network vatungamiri vanogona kuwana DNS yakakodzera saradhesi kubva kune yavo yeInternet service provider kana kuti third-party Internet DNS providers seGoogle Public DNS uye OpenDNS.
Mitauro yeDNS Lookups
DNS ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa neWeb browser mishanduriro inoshandura mazita eIndaneti mazita kuIndaneti . Kunze kwezvinhu izvi zviri mberi , DNS inoshandiswawo:
- kutsvaga mavhareji akakodzera ekutumira email yeIndaneti
- reverse lookups iyo inoshandura an IP pakero kumashure rezita reimba
Iro network inokumbira kutsigira DNS lookups inopfuurira pamusoro peTCP neDPP , chikamu 53 kuburikidza.
Onawo - Tungamira uye Dzokorora Inzvimbo yeIndaneti Lookup
DNS Caches
Kuti zviri nani kugadzira zvakawanda zvekukumbira, DNS inoshandisa caching. DNS caches store makopi emunzvimbo mava munguva pfupi yapfuura-yakawanikwa DNS zvinyorwa apo zvinyorwa zvinoramba zvichichengetwa pamashandi avo akasarudzwa. Kuva nemakopi emunharaunda eDNS zvinyorwa zvinorega kuva nekutora network network traffic uye kuburikidza neDNS server hierarchy. Zvisinei, kana DNS cache ichishaiwa nguva, nyaya dzekubatanidza mitambo dzinogona kuguma. DNS caches yakave yakave yakagadzirirwa kurwiswa nehutaneti huckers. Network administrators vanogona kuvhara DNS cache kana zvichidiwa vachishandisa ipconfig uye zvinyorwa zvakafanana.
Zvimwe - Chii chinonzi DNS Cache?
Dynamic DNS
DNS inodikanwa inoda zvose zvinyorwa zvepaIndaneti zvakachengetwa mu database kuti zvigadzirwe. Izvi zvinoshanda zvakanaka pakutsigira zviitiko zveWebhu asi kwete nekuda kwezvishandiso uchishandisa mazita eE IP akasimba akadai seInternet cams kana mapepa epaIndaneti. Dynamic DNS (DDNS) inowedzera network protocol extensions kuDNS kuitira kuti zita rekugadzirisa mazita kune vashandi vanoshanda.
Vatatu vakasiyana-siyana vanopa zvipo vanopa DNS yakawanda yakagadzirirwa kune avo vanoda kutsvaga nekutengesa imba yavo paIndaneti. Kugadzira Indaneti DDNS mamiriro ezvinhu inoda kusayina pamwe nemupi waunenge asarudzwa uye kuisa purogiramu yakawedzerwa pamutambo wemo. Iyo DDNS mupiro inotarisa kuongorora maikirwo akanyoreswa uye inoita DNS inonzi zita rekushandurwa kwemashandi.
Zvimwe - Chii Chinonzi Dynamic DNS?
Alternatives kuDNS
Iyo Microsoft Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) inotsigira mazita ekugadzirisa kwakafanana neDNS asi inoshanda chete pamakombiyuta eWindows uye kushandisa imwe nzvimbo nzvimbo. ZVINONYANYA zvinoshandiswa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakananga dzeWindows PCs.
Dot-BIT yakavhurwa purojekti yakabva kune teknolojia yeB BitCoin iri kushanda kuwedzera kutsigirwa kwe "domain" yepamusoro-dhivanesi kuIndaneti DNS.