Dzidzai Linux Command - gawk

by Juergen Haas

Zita

gawk - pattern scanning uye kushandura mutauro

Zvinyorwa

gawk [POSIX kana GNU style zvisarudzo] -f program-file [ - ] file ...
gawk [POSIX kana GNU style zvisarudzo] [ - ] program-text file ...

pgawk [POSIX kana GNU style zvisarudzo] -f program-file [ - ] file ...
pgawk [POSIX kana GNU style zvisarudzo] [ - ] program-text file ...

Tsanangudzo

Gawk ndiyo yekushandiswa kweGNU Project yemutauro wechirongwa weAWK. Iyo inopindirana nenotsanangudzo yemutauro muPOSIX 1003.2 Mutauro Wemitemo uye Utilities Standard. Iyi shanduro yakabva pane tsanangudzo iri muAwK Programming Language , naOo, Kernighan, naWeinberger, pamwe nemamwe mawanikwa anowanikwa muSystem V Release 4 version ye UNIX awk . Gawk inopawo mamwe mabhuku eBell Laboratories munguva pfupi yapfuura, uye huwandu hwezvinyorwa zveGNU-zvakananga.

Pgawk ndiyo shanduro yekufambisa ye gawk . Izvo zvakafanana mune imwe neimwe nzira yekuona , kunze kwekuti mapurogiramu anotamba zvishoma nezvishoma, uye inogadzirisa purogiramu yekuuraya mune faira awkprof.out kana yaitwa. Ona i -profile sarudzo, pasi.

Murairo wemutsetse unosarudza nzira yekuzvionera pachako, iyo AWK purogiramu yemagwaro (kana isingatauri kuburikidza ne-- f kana -file zvisarudzo), uye hutano hunofanira kuwanika muA ARGC neAARGV dzakatsanangurwa zvinyorwa zveAWK.

Fomu Yokusarudza

Zvimwe zvepaGawk zvinogona kunge zviri zvepasimusi POSIX imwe tsamba dzasarudzo, kana kuti GNU style marefu masarudzo. POSIX nheyo dzinotanga neimwe chete `` - '', nepo nguva refu dzasarudzo dzinotanga ne `` - ''. Zvisarudzo zvenguva yakareba zvinopiwa zvose zviri zviviri zveGNU-uye zvePOSIX-zvakagadzirirwa zvinhu.

Kutevera POSIX standard, zvinyorwa zve- gawk -ececific zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nharo kune -W chisarudzo. Multiple -W zvisarudzo zvinogona kugoverwa Zvose -W sarudzo ine sarudzo yakareba yakatarisana, sezvinotsanangurwa pasi apa. Nhaurirano kumisarudzo yakareba ingabatanidzwa nechisarudzo ne = = chiratidzo, pasina nzvimbo dzinopindira, kana dzinogona kugoverwa munyaya inotevera mutsara wemirairo. Zvisarudzo zvenguva refu zvinogona kunge zvakapfupiswa, chero bedzi kushandiswa kunoramba kuripo.

Sarudzo

Gawk inogamuchira zvinotevera zvinotevera, zvakanyorwa muchidimbu.

-F fs

--field-separator fs Shandisa fs yepakuvadza munda separator (kukosha kweFS predefined variable).

-v var = val

- sarudza var = val Sarudza kukosha kwevashanduri var var , vasati vatarisa purogiramu inotanga. Izvozvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodiwa zvinowanikwa ku BEGIN bhokisi reprogram yeAWK.

-f chirongwa-file

--file program-file Verengai mutauro weAWK purogiramu kubva pane faira purogiramu-file , pane kubva pakatanga mutsara wemirairo wekutanga. Multiple -f (kana -file ) zvisarudzo zvingashandiswa.

-mf NNN

-mr NNN Rongedza mamiriyoni akasiyana-siyana ekuyeuka kukosha NNN . Iyo f flag inogadzirisa nhamba yakawanda yeminda, uye r flag inogadzira huwandu hukuru hwerekodhi. Aya mapegi maviri uye -m sarudzo inobva kuBell Laboratories yekutsvakurudza shanduro yeUNIX awk . Izvo hazvina hanya ne gawk , sezvo gawk haina mhemberero dzakatangira.

-W compat

-Waigara

- kubata

- Runzira yakatarwa mukuenderana nemamiriro . Mukubatana kwemaitiro, gawk inoita zvakafanana neUNIX awk ; hapana chimwe chezvinyorwa zveGNU-zvakananga zvinozivikanwa. Kushandiswa kwe - -traditional inoshandiswa pamusoro pemamwe maitiro echisarudzo ichi. Ona GNU EXTENSIONS , pasi, kuti uwane mamwe mashoko.

-W copyleft

-W copyright

--copyleft

--copyright Ita pfupi pfupi pfupi yeGNU copyright information information pamusana pabuda uye uende zvakanaka.

-W dump-variables [ = faira ]

--dump-variables [ = file ] Dhinda rondedzero yakarongeka yezvigadziriswa zvepasi rose, marudzi avo uye maonero ekupedzisira ekufaira . Kana pasina faira inowanikwa, gawk inoshandisa faira inonzi awkvars.out mune yazvino yero .

Kuva nerwendo rwezvimwe zvose zvinoshandiswa pasi rose inzira yakanaka yekutsvaga zvinyorwa zvinyorwa mumapurogiramu ako. Iwe unogonawo kushandisa sarudzo iyi kana iwe une purogiramu yakakura ine mabasa akawanda, uye iwe unoda kuva nechokwadi chokuti mabasa ako haatomboshandisi zvishanduko zvepasi rose zvawaireva kuva weko. (Ichi ndicho chikanganiso chiri nyore kunyanya kuita nemazita akasiyana-siyana akasiyana sai, j , nezvimwewo.)

-W rubatsiro

-Kushandiswa

--help

Kushandura chinyorwa zvishoma zvishoma zvezvinhu zvinowanikwa pamutengo wakatarwa. (Pasi peGNU Coding Standards , izvi zvinogona kukonzera nokukurumidza, kubudirira kubva.)

-W lint [ = inouraya ]

- [ = kufa ] Ipa nyevero pamusoro pezvivakwa zvisinganzwisisiki kana zvisingasviki kune mamwe mabasa AWK. Nekuda kwekuzvipira kwekuuraya , kunyeverwa kwemaziso kunopera zvikanganiso zvinouraya. Izvi zvinogona kuva zvakanyanya, asi kushandiswa kwayo kuchakurudzira kukura kwezvirongwa zvakachena zveAWK.

-W zvint-old

- -gint-yekare Ipa nyevero pamusoro pezvivakwa zvisingatauriki kune yekutanga ye Unix awk .

-W gen-po

--gen-po Scan uye inoratidzira purogiramu yeAWK, uye igoita GNU .po format file pahuwandu hwehuwandu nekunyoreswa kwemaketani ose epakupedzisira mune purogiramu. Purogiramu pachayo haina kuurayiwa. Ona kugoverwa kweGNU kuwanatext kuti uwane mamwe mashoko pa .po mafaira.

-W asiri decimal-data

--non-decimal-data Zivai octal uye hexadecimal mararamiro mumashoko ekupinza. Shandisa izvi izvi nekuchenjerera zvikuru!

-W posix

--posix Izvi zvinotenderera pakuenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, nemiganhu inotevera inotevera:

\ x kupukunyuka kurongwa hakuzivikanwi.

Nzvimbo chete uye tab inoshanda semasanganisi emunda apo FS yakagadzirirwa pane imwe nzvimbo, newline haina.

Iwe haugone kuenderera mberi mazera pashure ? uye :.

Izwi rechirevo rinoreva kushandiswa kwe keyword basa hazvizivikanwi.

Vashandi ** uye ** = haigoni kushandiswa panzvimbo ye ^ uye ^ = .

Iyo fflush () basa haisipo.

-W profil [ = prof_file ]

--profile [ = prof_file ] Tumira zvinyorwa zvekufambisa kune prof_file . Zvisizvo ndeye awkprof.out . Kana uchitanga ne gawk , iyo purogiramu ichangoti `` yakadhindwa '' shanduro yepurogiramu yacho. Paunomhanya ne pgawk , iyo purogiramu inosanganisira kuuraya kuverenga kwechirevo chega chega purogiramu mumuganhu uri kuruboshwe uye basa rekuverenga kwehutano hwebasa rimwe nerimwe rinotsanangurwa nemudzidzi.

-Wzve-interval

-re-interval Bvumira kushandiswa kwemashoko epanguva inowanzoenzanisa kuratidza (ona Nguva Dzose Mashoko , pasi). Zvinyorwa zvenguva yakange isati yawanikwa mumutauro weAWK. Iko POSIX yakawedzera kwavari, kuti vaite zvinyorwa uye zvinyorwa zvinopindirana. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwavo kunogona kuputsa zvirongwa zvekare zveAWK , saka gawk inongovapa chete kana vakumbirwa nechisarudzo ichi, kana kuti -posiposi inotsanangurwa.

-W source program-text

-source program-text Shandisa purogiramu-mashoko seAWK program source code. Iyi sarudzo inobvumira kushandiswa kwemashoko ekuraira zviri nyore (anoshandiswa kuburikidza ne-- f uye -file zvisarudzo) nekodhi yekodhi yakaiswa mumutsetse wemirairo. Iyo inonyanya kuitirwa mapurogiramu kusvika kune makuru mapurogiramu AWK anoshandiswa mu shell scripts.

-W version

--version Print version inozivikanwa yeiyi iyo kopi ye gawk pane yakabuda. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kuziva kana ikozvino ikopi yepa gawk pane yako system yakasvibiswa nekuremekedza kune chero iyo Free Software Foundation iri kugovera. Izvi zvinobatsirawo pakuzivisa zvikwata. (Pasi peGNU Coding Standards , izvi zvinogona kukonzera nokukurumidza, kubudirira kubva.)

- Taurai mugumo wezvasarudzwa. Izvi zvinobatsira kubvumira dzimwe nharo purogiramu yeAWK pachayo kutanga ne `` - ''. Izvi zvinonyanya kuenderana nekugadzirisa kukakavadzana kwegungano kunoshandiswa nemamwe mapurogiramu ePOSIX.

Muchienderana nemafungiro emhando, chero zvimwe zvingasarudzwa zvakarongerwa sevasina kubhadhara, asi zvisiri izvo zvisingabvunzwi. Mukushanda kwakanaka, chero bedzi purogiramu yepurogiramu yakave yakapiwa, zvisarudzo zvisingazivikanwi zvinopfuudzwa kune chirongwa cheAWK muAARGV array for processing. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha pakushanda zvirongwa zveAWK kuburikidza ne `` #! '' Mutauro wekushandura anoitwa.

AWK PROGRAM MUTONGO

Purogiramu yeAWK inosanganisira kuenzanisa kwemaitiro-maitiro ezvesarudzo uye kusarudzwa kwemabasa tsanangudzo.

muenzaniso { action statements }

basa zita ( parameter list ) { statement }

Gawk inotanga kuverenga purogiramu yepurogiramu kubva purogiramu-file (s) kana ichitsanangurwa, kubva pamakakatanwa ku -source , kana kubva kune yekutanga isingasarudzo mhiri pamutsetse wemirairo. I-- f and -source options ingashandiswa kakawanda pamutsetse wemirairo. Gawk inoverenga purogiramu yepurogiramu sokunge kuti yose purogiramu-faira uye nemirairo yemutsetse mitsara yakange yakabatanidzwa pamwe chete. Izvi zvinobatsira pakuvaka mabhuku emabhuku eAWK mabasa, pasina kuisa mazviri mumutauro wega wega weAWK unoshandisa iwo. Inopawo kukwanisa kusanganisa mabasa eraibhurari nemapurogiramu emitemo yemirairo.

Nharaunda yakasiyana-siyana AWKPATH inotsanangura nzira yekutsvaga yaunoshandisa pakutsvaga mafaira ekudanwa anonzi ne -f option. Kana iri shanduko isipo, iyo nzira isina kukodzera ndeye ".: / Usr / local / share / awk" . (Izvo zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinogona kusiyana, zvichienderana nekuti sei gawk yakavakwa uye yakagadzirirwa.) Kana zita refaira rakapiwa kune--kusarudza rine '`/' 'unhu, hapana nzira yekutsvaga inoitwa.

Gawk inoshandisa zvirongwa zveAWK nenzira inotevera. Kutanga, zvose zvinoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa kuburikidza ne-- v chisarudzo zvinoitwa. Zvadaro, gawk inogadzirisa purogiramu yacho mukati mefomu . Zvadaro, gawk inotora ikhodi mu BEGIN chivako (kana) kana iine), uye inotevera kuverenga faira imwe inonzi muArGV . Kana pasina mafaira akataurwa pamusoro pomurayiro, gawk inodzidza kuiswa kwemazuva ose.

Kana zita refaira riri mumutsetse wemirairo rine chimiro var = val iyo inobatwa sechinhu chinoshandiswa. The variable var ichapiwa kukosha val . (Izvi zvinoitika mushure mokunge BEGIN bhokisi (s) yave ichishandurwa.) Mutemo wekutsvaga shanduko yakasiyana-siyana unobatsira zvikuru kugovera maitiro kune zvigadziriswa AWK zvinoshandiswa kutarisa nzira yekuputika inopinda muminda uye zvinyorwa. Iyo inobatsirawo kutonga nyika kana vazhinji vanofambira vachidikanwa pane imwe data data.

Kana kukosha kwechimwe chinhu cheArGV chisina chinhu ( "" ), gawk anopfuura pamusoro payo.

Pamusoro pekodhi imwe neimwe mune zvinyorwa, gawk miedzo kuti uone kana iyo yakafanana chero ipi zvayo mumutambo weAWK. Pane imwe neimwe nzira iyo rekodhi inoenderana, chiito chinosanganiswa chinoitwa . Maitiro aya anoedzwa muhurongwa hwavanoita mune purogiramu.

Pakupedzisira, mushure mokunge zvose zvaunenge wapora zvapera, gawk inotora code mu END END (s) (kana pane).

Zvinyorwa, zvinyorwa, uye minda

Mhando dzeAWK dzakasimba; dzinosvika pakuvapo apo dzinotanga kushandiswa. Nheyo dzavo dzinogona kutenderera-nhamba nhamba kana michina, kana zvose zviri zviviri, zvichienderana nemashandisirwo ayo. AWK inewo zvinyorwa zvitsvene; Zviratidzo zvine marefu akawanda zvinogona kuenzaniswa. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakagara dzatsanangurwa dzakarongwa sepurogiramu inotanga; izvi zvicharondedzerwa sezvinoda uye zvakapfupiswa pasi apa.

Records

Kazhinji, zvinyorwa zvinoparadzaniswa nevatsva vatsva. Iwe unogona kudzora kuti mabhuku akaparadzaniswa sei nekugovera maitiro kune rakagadzirwa-mu- shanduka RS . Kana RS iri chero munhu mumwe chete, chimiro ichocho chinoparadzanisa zvinyorwa. Kana zvisina kudaro, RS inogara ichitaura. Nyora mumanyoo anowirirana nemashoko anogara achiparadzanisa rekodhi. Zvisinei, mukuenzanisa nzira, chete chimiro chekutanga chekuyera kwetambo chinoshandiswa pakuparadzanisa zvinyorwa. Kana RS yakagadzirirwa kusina tambo yakashata, zvinyorwa zvinoparadzaniswa nemumitsetse usina ruvara. Apo RS inotarirwa kune chisimbiso chisina kushandiswa, mutsara weinlineline unogara uchiita separarator yemunda, kuwedzera kune chero chipi chinokosha FS chingave nacho.

Munda

Sezvo rimwe rega rekupinza ruchiverengwa, gawk inoparadzanisa rekodhi muminda , achishandisa kukosha kwechigadziro cheFS semusanganisi wemunda. Kana FS iine unhu husina humwe, minda inoparadzaniswa nemunhu uyo. Kana FS isina tambo yakasara, ipapo mumwe munhu mumwe munhu anova munda wakasiyana. Kana zvisina kudaro, FS inotarisirwa kuti igare yakazara kuratidzwa. Muchiitiko chakakosha kuti FS inongova imwe nzvimbo, masimi akaparadzaniswa nemitambo yezvivako uye / kana mabhii uye / kana zvinyorwa zvitsva. (Asi ona kukurukurirana kwe - postposi , pasi). Cherechedza: kukosha kweGNORECASE (ona pasi apa) kunokanganisawo masimi akaparadzaniswa apo FS inogara ichitaura, uye kuti zvinyorwa zvinoparadzaniswa sei kana RS iri nguva dzose.

Kana shanduko yeFIELDWIDTHS ichiiswa kune imwe nzvimbo yakatsaurwa yakashambadzirwa nhamba, munda mumwe nomumwe unotarisirwa kuva wakagadzikana huwandu, uye gawk inoparadzanisa rekodhi kuburikidza nehuwandu hwakataurirwa. Kukosha kweFS hakuna kufanirwa. Kugovera hutsva hunoenda kune FS kunopfuura kushandiswa kweFIELDWIDTHS , uye kunodzorera maitiro asina kukwana.

Nzvimbo imwe neimwe mubhuku rekunyorera ingarondedzerwa nenzvimbo yayo, $ 1 , $ 2 , nezvimwe zvakadaro. $ 0 ndiyo yose yakanyorwa. Minda haafaniri kutaridzwa nemagetsi:

n = 5
print $ n

inonyora chikamu chechishanu mubhuku rekupinza.

Nhamba yakasiyana NF inotarirwa kuwandu hweminda mumabhuku ekupinda.

Zviratidzo kune zvisiripo minda (kureva minda mushure me $ NF ) inobvisa chisina-chisina. Zvisinei, kugovera munda usingawani (semuenzaniso, $ (NF + 2) = 5 ) inowedzera kukosha kweNF , inogadzira mimwe miitiro inopindira ine chisungo chisina kushandiswa sezvinokosha, uye inokonzera kukosha kwe $ 0 kubhadharwa, ne minda iri kuparadzaniswa nekukosha kweOsS . Tsanangudzo yezvakaipa zvisina kuverengwa masimi zvinokonzera kukanganisa kwakaipa. Kusarudzwa kweNF kunokonzera kuti tsika dzeminda dzakadarika hutsva hutsva dzirambe dzichirasika, uye kukosha kwe $ 0 kubhadharwa, pamwe neminda iri kuparadzaniswa nekukosha kweOsS .

Kupa kukosha kune munda uripo kunoita kuti rekodhi rose rivakwezve apo $ 0 inotsanangurwa. Saizvozvowo, kugovera kukosha ku $ 0 kunokonzera kuti rekodhi iremekedzwe, ichigadzira hutsika huripo kuminda.

Zvimwe zvinowanikwa mukati

Gawk 's s-in variables nde:

ARGC

Nhamba yenheyo yemirairo yemirairo (haisati ichisarudzira maitiro ekuwana gawk , kana kuti purogiramu yemuproje ).

ARGIND

Nhamba iri mu ARGV yefaira iri iri kushandiswa.

ARGV

Mutsara wemirairo mutsara. Mhando yacho yakanyorerwa kubva ku 0 kusvika kuArgC - 1. Kuchinja zvakasimba zviri mukati re ARGV zvinogona kudzora mafaira anoshandiswa kudhipatimendi.

BINMODE

Pamusana pisiri POSIX, inotsanangura kushandiswa kwe `` binary '' mamiriro ese yefaira I / O. Nhamba dzepabonde dze1, 2, kana 3, tsanangura mafaira ekupinza, mafaira ekubudisa, kana mafaira ose, maererano, anofanira kushandisa I / O bhanari. Nheyo dze "r" , kana kuti "w" dzinotsanangura mafaira ekupinza, kana kuti mafaira ekubuda, maererano, anofanira kushandisa I / O bhanari. Nheyo dze "rw" kana "wr" dzinotsanangura kuti mafaira ose anofanira kushandisa I / O yebhanari. Chero humwe hutengo hunokosha hunorapwa se "rw" , asi hunoita shoko renyevero.

CONVFMT

Iko kutendeuka maitiro emunhamba , "% .6g" , nekutadza.

ENVIRON

Chirongwa chine zvinyorwa zvemazuva ano. Nzira yacho yakakonzerwa nemamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana, chimwe nechimwe chiri kukosha kwezvakasiyana (semuenzaniso, ENVIRON ["HOME"] ingava / kumba / arnold ). Kushandura urongwa uhwu hahune hupenyu hwehupenyu hunoonekwa nemapurogiramu anowedzera kupararira kuburikidza nekudzokorora kana kuronga () basa.

ERRNO

Kana chirongwa chekukanganisa chiripo kana kuita redirection yelineline , munguva yekuverengerwa kweinline , kana kuti munguva yapfupi () , ipapo ERRNO ichava netambo inotsanangura kukanganisa. Iko kukosha kunoshandurirwa kushandurirwa mune dzisiri dzeChirungu.

FIELDWIDTHS

A white-space separation list of fieldwidths. Kana yakagadzirirwa, inotarisa iyo inopindira kumiganhu yehupamhi hwakareba, panzvimbo yekushandisa kukosha kwekushanduka kweFS semusanganisi wemunda.

FILENAME

Zita rekushandisa ikozvino. Kana pasina mafaira akataurwa pamutsara wemirairo, kukosha kwaFILENAME ndiko `` - ''. Zvisinei, FILENAME haina kufanirwa mukati me BEGIN bhokisi (kunze kwekugadzwa nelineline ).

FNR

Nhamba yechirangariro yekunyorera mune ikozvino mafaira.

Iyo inowanikwa mundima yakaparadzanisa, nzvimbo inotadza. Ona Fields , pamusoro.

IGNORECASE

Rinodzora nyaya-senzwiro yezvose zvinotaurwa nguva dzose uye tambo tsvina. Kana IGNORECASE iine uwandu husina zero, ipapo kutengesa kechiyero nekufananidzana kwakafanana mumitemo, munda kuparadzaniswa neFS , kurega kuparadzanisa neR RS , nguva dzose kuratidza kufanana ne ~ uye ! ~ , Uye nevanhuub () , gsub () , index () , match () , split () , uye sub () yakaiswa-in inoshanda zvose zvisinganyanyi kuitika pavanoita nguva dzose maitiro. Cherechedza: Array subscripting haibatsiri , uye asort () haina basa.

Nokudaro, kana IGNORECASE isinganzwisisi zero, / aB / inoshandiswa zvose zvimboti "ab" , "aB" , "Ab" , uye "AB" . Sezvo nemhando dzose dzeAWK, kukosha kokutanga kweGNORECASE kune zero, saka nguva dzose kuratidza uye kushanda kwetambo zvinowanzoshaya mhosva. Under Unix, yakazara ISO 8859-1 ChiLatin-1 mhando yakagadziridzwa inoshandiswa kana isingaregi nyaya.

LINT

Inopa simba rekutonga kwe - -lint chisarudzo kubva mukati memutambo weAWK. Pazvokwadi , kugona kunonongedza nyevero. Apo inhema, haiti. Apo pawakagoverwa tambo kukoshesa "kuuraya" , kunyeverwa kwemaziso kunowanzova zvikanganiso zvinouraya, zvakangofanana - zvakaoma = zvinouraya . Chero hupi humwe hwechokwadi hunokosha huri kungonongedza nyevero.

Nhamba yeminda mune ikozvino yeropa reko.

Nhamba yose yezvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvakaonekwa kusvika ikozvino.

OFMT

Izvo zvinobudiswa mafomu emhando, "% .6g" , nekutadza.

OFS

Inotora munda field separator, nzvimbo inotadza.

ORS

Izvo zvakabudiswa kurega separator, nekusara kwetaneti.

PROCINFO

Zvinhu zvezvinhu izvi zvinopa ruzivo rwekuwana ruzivo pamusoro pekushanda purogiramu yeAWK. Pane dzimwe sangano, panogona kuva nezvikamu mumutauro, "boka1" kuburikidza ne "boka n " kune vamwe n , iyo inhamba yezvikwata zvekuwedzera izvo zvinenge zviripo. Shandisai mu- operator kuti muedze zvinhu izvi. Izvi zvinotevera zvinotsigirwa kuvapo:

PROCINFO ["egid"]

kukosha kwegetegid (2) kushevedzera kwenheyo.

PROCINFO ["euid"]

kukosha kwegeteuid (2) system call.

PROCINFO ["FS"]

"FS" kana munda wakaparadzaniswa neFS uri kushanda, kana kuti "FIELDWIDTHS" kana munda wakaparadzaniswa neFIELDWIDTHS uri kushanda.

PROCINFO ["gid"]

kukosha kwekagoni (2) kushevedzera.

PROCINFO ["pgrpid"]

iyo dhiyabhorosi yeboka yehutano hwezvino.

PROCINFO ["pid"]

iyo nhamba yeZID yazvino yemaitiro.

PROCINFO ["ppid"]

iyo mubereki mushonga weZvo yezvinoitika.

PROCINFO ["uid"]

kukosha kweyotuid (2) system call.

Mugove wekuparadzanisa rekugovera, nekusara imwe yerinline.

Nyaya yekugumisa. Gawk inotumira RT kumashoko ekunyora ayo akafanana nehutano kana huwandu hwemazwi anotsanangurwa neRS .

RSTART

Mutsara wekutanga unofananidzwa nemakwikwi () ; 0 kana pasina. (Izvi zvinoreva kuti mararamiro emuitiro anotanga pane imwe.)

RLENGTH

Kureba kwetambo yakatarwa nemusanganisi () ; -1 kana pasina kutarisana.

SUBSEP

Mhando inoshandiswa kuparadzanisa kazhinji zvakanyorwa muzvinhu zvakagadzirwa, nekutadza "\ 034" .

TEXTDOMAIN

Izwi rinotarirwa purogiramu yeAWK; yaishandiswa kuwana shanduro dzemunharaunda yemaketani epurogiramu.

Arrays

Zvinyorwa zvinonyorwa nekutaura pakati pekona mabhokheni ( [ uye ] ). Kana kutaura uku kwekuratidzira urongwa ( expr , expr ...) ipapo kuburitsa kwekunyora isimbi yakagadzirwa nekutarisana kwe (tambo) kukosha kwezwi rimwe nerimwe, rakaparadzaniswa nehuwandu hwechirevo che SUBSEP . Iyi sangano inoshandiswa kuenzanisa kuwedzera mazamu akaenzana. Semuyenzaniso:

i = "A"; j = "B"; k = "C"
x [i, j, k] = "hello, nyika \ n"

inopa rwonzi "hello, nyika \ n" kune chinhu chetambo x icho chakakonzerwa netambo "A \ 034B \ 034C" . Zvose zvinyorwa muAWK zvinoshamwaridzana, kureva indexed nesimbi maitiro.

Iyo inoshandiswa iyo inogona kushandiswa mune imwe kana kana panguva iyo chirevo kuti uone kana boka rakarongedza rine chimwe chinhu chinokosha.

kana (val in in array) print array [val]

Kana iyo yakawanda yakanyorerwa, shandisa (i, j) yakafanana .

Izvo mukugadzira zvingashandiswa zvakare mune imwechete yekutora kuti iterate pamusoro pezvinhu zvose zvepakati.

Chimwe chinhu chinogona kubviswa kubva pane imwe shandisa uchishandisa dare rekudzima . Mutsara wekutsva unogonawo kushandiswa kubvisa zvose zviri mukati mutsva, kungojekesa zita rezita risina kubhadhara.

Typing Variable And Conversion

Zvimwe uye minda inogona kunge iri (inotenderera) nhamba, kana zvidzidzo, kana zvose. Kuti kukosha kweshanduko kunotsanangurwa kunobva pane zvayo. Kana ikashandiswa mumashoko ekuverenga, ichabatwa senhamba, kana inoshandiswa seketani iyo ichabatwa semutambo.

Kumanikidza kushandiswa kunobatwa se nhamba, kuwedzera 0 kwairi; kuti akamanikidze kuti iroshwe seyetani, iitaure nayo nechose chine tambo.

Apo tambo inofanira kuchinjwa kuenhamba, kutendeuka kunopedzwa uchishandisa strtod (3). Nhamba inoshandurwa kuva tambo kuburikidza kushandisa kukosha kweCONVFMT sefomati yefaira ye sprintf (3), ine nhamba yenhamba yeiyo shanduko segakava. Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo nhamba dzose muAWK dziri kutenderera-kureva, maitiro akaenzana anogara achichinjwa sekundi. Nokudaro, zvakapiwa

CONVFMT = "% 2.2f" a = 12 b = a ""

iyo inoshandiswa b inobata tambo ye "12" uye kwete "12.00" .

Gawk anoenzanisa zviyero zvinotevera: Kana zvipembenene zviviri zviri nhamba, dzinofananidzwa nenhamba. Kana imwe inokosha inhamba uye imwe ine ine tambo yekutengeswa iyo `` numeric thread, '' zvino kuenzanisa kunoitwawo nhamba. Kana zvisina kudaro, kukosha kwenhamba kunoshandurwa kuva tambo uye kuenzaniswa kwetambo kunoitwa. Tsvimbo mbiri dzinofananidzwa, hongu, semakumbo. Cherechedza kuti pasi POSIX inoshandisa pfungwa ye `` numeric string '' kwese kwese, kunyange kune tambo nguva. Zvisinei, izvi zvakajeka zvisina kururama, uye gawk haiti izvi. (Nenzira yakanaka, izvi zvakagadziriswa mune imwe shanduro yepamusoro.)

Cherechedza kuti tambo yakasimba, yakadai se "57" , haisi michina yakakoshwa, iyo tambo yakasimba. Pfungwa ye `` numeric string '' inoshanda chete kuminda, kuwanikwa kwetaini , FILENAME , ARGV zvinhu, ENVIRON zvikamu uye zvinhu zvegadziriro yakagadzirwa nokuparadzaniswa () iyo nhamba dzenhamba. Pfungwa inokosha ndeyokuti kuiswa kwevashandisi , uye kungova kushandisa kwevashandi, iyo inotarisa nhamba, inofanira kurapwa nenzira iyo.

Uninitialized variables vane nhamba yekuti 0 uye tambo inokosha "" (null, kana isina, tambo).

Octal uye Hexadecimal Constants

Kutanga nehurukuro 3.1 yegwenga, unogona kushandisa C-style octal uye mahedheni ehexadecimal muAWK yako purogiramu yekodhi. Somuenzaniso, nhamba ye octal 011 yakaenzana ne decimal 9 , uye yehexadecimal kukosha 0x11 yakaenzana nechigumi 17.

String Constants

Mitsara yakasimba muAWK ndeyekuenzaniswa kwevanhu vanowanikwa pakati pezvinyorwa zviviri ( " ). Mumaketani, mamwe maitiro ekupukunyuka anozivikanwa, seku C. Aya ndiwo:

Kudzoka kwechokwadi.

\ a

The `` alert '' character; kazhinji ASCII BEL chimiro.

\ b

backspace.

\ f

fomu-kudya.

\ n

newline.

\ r

ngoro inodzoka.

\ t

horizontal tab.

\ v

vertical tab.

\ x hex digits

Chimiro chinomiririrwa netambo ye hexadecimal dijeri shure kwe \ x . Sezvakaitwa ANSIC, zvose zvinotevera hexadecimal chiverengi zvinoonekwa sechikamu chekutevedzera kunopera. (Ichi chinofanira kutitaurira chimwe chinhu pamusoro pemutauro wakagadzirirwa nekomiti.) Sezvokuti, "\ x1B" ndiyo ASCIIESC (kupukunyuka) unhu.

\ ddd

Chimiro chinomiririrwa ne-1-, 2-, kana kuti 3-chidimbu-mairi ye octal manhamba. Mune, "\ 033" ndiyo ASCII ESC (kupukunyuka) unhu.

\ c

Ichokwadi chaiwo c .

Nzira dzekupukunyuka dzinogona kushandiswa mukati memashoko nguva dzose (semuenzaniso, / [\ t \ f \ n \ r \ v] / zvakafanana whitespace characters).

Mukuenzanirana nemafungiro, mavara anomiririrwa ne octal uye hexadecimal kupukunyuka kurongwa anorapwa sezvaanoshandiswa mukugara achizviratidza maitiro. Saka, / \ 52b / yakaenzana ne / \ \ b / .

Mienzaniso uye Zviito

AWK iri mutauro unotenderera mberi. Izvo muenzaniso unouya pakutanga, uye zvino chiito. Zvinyorwa zveActions zvinowanikwa mu { and } . Chero iyo muenzaniso ingave isipo, kana chiito chingave chiripo, asi, hongu, kwete zvose. Kana iyo iyo iripo isipo, chiito chacho chinoshandiswa kune rimwe rekodhi rezvinyorwa. Chinhu chisina kukodzera chakafanana

{print}

iyo inonyora zvinyorwa zvose.

Mhinduro dzinotanga ne `` # '' unhu, uye ramba uchienda kusvikira pakuguma kwemutsara. Mitsara isina kuve inogona kushandiswa kuparadzanisa zvataurwa. Kazhinji, chirevo chinopera neinlineline, zvisinei, iyi haisi iyo mitsara inopera mu ``, '', { , ? , : , && , kana || . Mitsara inopedzisira yaita kana zvimwe zvakare zvinyorwa zvadzo zvinongoramba zvichienderera mberi pamutsara unotevera. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mutsetse unogona kupfuurirwa nokuupedzisa ne'', mune izvo zvingave zvisingatauri.

Zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvinogona kuiswa pane imwe mutsara nokuzviparadzanisa ne ``; ''. Izvi zvinoshanda kune zvose zviri kutaurwa mukati mechikamu chechiito chemuenzaniso-chiito chechipiri (chinowanzoitika), uye ku-pattern-action statements ivo pachavo.

Mienzaniso

Nzira dzeAWK dzinogona kuva imwe yeiyi inotevera:

TANGIRA PAMUSORO / nguva dzose mazwi / sangano rinoshamwaridzana muenzaniso && pattern pattern || pattern pattern ? muenzaniso : muenzaniso ( pattern ) ! muenzaniso pattern1 , pattern2

TANGA uye END ndezvipi zviviri zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaitiro asina kuongororwa pamusoro pekushandisa. Izvo zvikamu zvezvikamu zvose zve BEGIN zvakabatanidzwa sekuti kana zvese zvataurwa izvi zvakanga zvakanyorwa mune imwe BEGIN bhokisi. Vanourayiwa vasati vapiwe chero chepfungwa yacho ichiverengwa. Saizvozvowo, zvose zvinogumira END zvinosanganiswa, uye zvinopedzerwa apo zvose zvayo zvinopera (kana kana chirevo chekubuda chiri kuitwa). TANGA NOKUPEREKERA mapurogiramu haagoni kuenzaniswa nemamwe mapepa muzviratidziro zvemuenzaniso. TANGA uye PETI mapurogiramu haagoni kushayikwa zviito zvikamu.

Nokuda / kuratidzwa nguva dzose / mapepa, mutemo unobatanidzwa unoshandiswa kune rimwe rega rekutsvaga rinowirirana nekutaura nguva dzose. Nguva dzose mazwi anowanana akafanana neaya ari egrep (1), uye anotsanangurwa pasi apa.

Izwi rinoshamwaridzana rinogona kushandisa chero chevashandi vanotsanangurwa pasi apa muchikamu chezviito. Izvi zvinowanzoedza kana mimwe minda ichifananidza mamwe mazwi echidimbu.

The && , || , uye ! mabhizimisi anonzwisisika uye anonzwisisika OR, uye anonzwisisa kwete, zvakananga, sezvakaitwa muC. Vanoita nguva shomanana kuongorora, uyewo seC, uye vanoshandiswa mukubatanidza mamwe mazwi ekutanga maitiro. Sezviri mumitauro yakawanda, vanababa vanogona kushandiswa kuchinja urongwa hwekuongorora.

Iko?: Mutengesi wakafanana nemuteresi mumwechete muC. Kana chiito chekutanga chiri chechokwadi ipapo iyo inoshandiswa kuedza ndiyo yechipiri muenzaniso, zvisinei iyo yechitatu. Chimwe chete chechipiri uye chechitatu maitiro anoongororwa.

Muenzaniso1 , pattern2 mufananidzo wekutaura kunonzi mazita emhando . Inoenderana nezvose zvinyorwa zvekushandisa zvinobva nerekodhi inofananidzana pattern1 , uye inopfuurira kusvika rekodhi inofanirana pattern2 , inosanganisira. Icho hachibatanidzi nemhando ipi zvayo yekutaura kwemuenzaniso.

Zvaunogara uchitaura

Nguva dzose mazwi anowanikwa ndewemhando yakawanda inowanikwa mune egrep . Izvo zvakagadzirwa nemifananidzo sezvinotevera:

inofanidza asiri metacharacter c .

\ c

inofanidza chaiwo unhu c .

inobatanidza chero upi zvake unosanganisira newline.

inofanidza kutanga kwetambo.

inofanidza kuguma kwetambo.

[ abc ... ]

character list, inosangana chero yevanyori abc ....

[^ abc ... ]

negated character list, inobata chero ani zvake kunze kwekubc ....

r1 | r2

kushandura: zvinosanganisira r1 kana r2 .

r1r2

concatenation: inosangana r1 , uye ipapo r2 .

r +

inofanidza imwe kana kupfuura r 's.

r *

inobatanidza zero kana kupfuura r 's.

r ?

inobatanidza zero kana imwe r 's.

( r )

kusangana: kuenzanisa r .

r { n }

r { n ,}

r { n , m } Nhamba imwe chete kana mbiri mukati memakumbo zvinoreva kutaurirana kwemazuva . Kana paine nhamba imwe chete mumabhosi, iyo yakagara yapfuura kuratidzwa r inodzokororwa n nguva. Kana pane nhamba mbiri dzakaparadzana nekma, r inodzokorora n ku m nguva. Kana pane nhamba imwe inoteverwa nekima, ipapo r inodzokorora zvishoma kana nguva.

Zvinyorwa zvenguva inongowanikwa chete kana imwe- posto kana-- re-interval inotsanangurwa pamutsara wemirairo.

\ y

inobatanidza tambo isina chinhu pane pakutanga kana kuti kuguma kweshoko.

\ B

inobatanidza tambo isina chinhu mukati mezwi.

\ <

inobatanidza tambo isina chinhu pakutanga kwezwi.

inobatanidza tambo isina chinhu pamagumo ezwi.

\ w

inobatanidza chero shoko-chimiro chevanhu (tsamba, chidimbu, kana kusimbisa).

\ W

inofanidza chero mhando isiri shoko-constituent.

\ `

inobatanidza tambo isina chinhu pakutanga kwecheki (tambo).

\ '

inobatanidza tambo isina chinhu pamagumo emutambo.

Nzira dzekupukunyuka dzinoshanda mumakumbo emakumbo (ona pasi apa) inoshandawo mumashoko anowanzogara.

Unyanzvi zvidzidzo chinhu chitsva chinowanikwa mumutambo wePOSIX. Chimiro chechimiro chikamu chakakosha chekutsanangura mazita evanhu vane chimiro chakasiyana, asi apo vanyori chaivo pachavo vanogona kusiyana kubva kune imwe nyika kuenda kune imwe uye / kana kubva kumunhu akaiswa kune unhu hwakagadzirirwa. Semuenzaniso, pfungwa yechinyorwa chemafabheti chinopesana muU.SA neFrance.

A character class inoshanda chete mukutaura nguva dzose mukati mabheji ehuwandu hwemhando. Zvidzidzo zvidzidzo zvinosanganisira [: , chinhu chinokosha chinoratidza chikoro, uye :] . Maitiro emakirasi anotsanangurwa nePOSIX yakawanda ndei:

[: alnum:]

Alphanumeric characters.

[: alpha:]

Alphabetic characters.

[: pasina:]

Space kana tate.

[: cntrl:]

Kudzora vanhu.

[: digit:]

Nhamba dzevanhu.

[: grafu:]

Mifananidzo iyo yose inonyorwa uye inooneka. (Chinyorwa chinyorwa, asi chisingaoneki, asi chinenge chiri.)

[: pasi:]

Chinyorwa-chinonzi alphabetic characters.

[: shandura:]

Nhamba dzakadhindwa (nhamba dzisingagoni kudzora vanhu.)

[: chirevo:]

Nhamba dzechimiro (mavara asiri mavara, mazita, kutarisa vanhu, kana nzvimbo dzemavara).

[: nzvimbo:]

Nzvimbo dzevasikana (dzakadai sedenga, tab, uye fomu, kutumidza zvishoma).

[: kumusoro:]

Pamusoro-soro alphabetic characters.

[: xdigit:]

Mifananidzo iyo hexadecimal dijeri.

Somuenzaniso, POSIX isati yasvika, kuenzanisa zvinyorwa zvinyorwa, iwe ungadai wakafanirwa kunyora / [A-Za-z0-9] / . Kana unhu hwako hwakanga huine mamwe mavara ehufabheti mairi, izvi hazvifanane nazvo, uye kana hutano hwako hwakagadziriswa zvakasiyana kubva kuAscII, izvi zvingasatombofananidza ASCII alphanumeric characters. Neki POSIX character makilasi, unogona kunyora / [[: alnum:]] / , uye izvi zvinowirirana mavara etafura uye nhamba mumutauro wako wakagadzirirwa.

Zvimwe zvikamu zviviri zvakakosha zvinogona kuonekwa muhuwandu hwemashoko. Izvi zvinoshandiswa kune vasina-ASCII nheyo dzemaitiro, izvo zvinogona kuva nemifananidzo imwechete (inonzi inogadzirisa zvinhu ) iyo inomiririrwa nemunhu mumwe chete, uyewo maverengi akasiyana akaenzana nekutengesa , kana kusarudza, zvinangwa. (Ewe, muchiFrench, ruwa `` e '' uye guva-rakagamuchirwa e` yakaenzana.)

Collating Symbols

Chiratidzo chinoputika chinonzi multi-character collating element chakaiswa [. uye .] . Semuenzaniso, kana ch chiri chinhu chinoputika, ipapo [[.ch.]] Ishoko rinogara riripo rinowirirana nechinhu ichi chinoputika, asi [ch] inoratidza nguva dzose inobatanidza c kana h .

Makirasi akaenzana

Chimwe chikamu chekufananidza ndechimwe nzvimbo-yezita yezita revanhu vanofananidzwa. Zita racho rakavharwa mu [= and =] . Somuenzaniso, zita rokuti E rinogona kushandiswa kureva zvose `` e, '' `` e ',' 'uye `` e`.' 'Muchiitiko ichi, [= = e =]] inoratidza nguva dzose inofanidza chero ye e , e ' , kana e` .

Zvinhu izvi zvakakosha zvikuru munharaunda dzisiri dzeChirungu. Inzvimbo yeiraibhurari iyo gawk inoshandisa nguva dzose kuenzanidza inoenderana chete inoziva POSIX character classes; havazivi zviratidzo zvinoputika kana zviyero zvakafanana.

I \ y , \ B , \,, \,, \ w , \,, \ ' , uye \' vashandi vanonyatsotsvaga kuti vaone ; iyo inowedzera kubva kune zvivako muGNU nguva dzose mabhuku ekuraibhurari.

Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana mutsara wemutsetse unogona kuraira kuti gawk anotsanangura sei mavara mumashoko anowanzoitwa.

Hapana zvingasarudzwa

Muchiitiko chisina kukwana, gawk inopa zvivako zvePOSIX nguva dzose mazwi uye theGNU regular expression operators inotsanangurwa pamusoro apa. Zvisinei, kutaura kwemukati hakubatsiri.

--posiposix

POSIX chete mazwi anotsigirwa anotsigirwa, vashandi veGNU havakwanisi. (Somuenzaniso, \ w yakafanana chaiyo w ). Nhamba dzekutaurirana dzinobvumidzwa.

--traditional

Mutauro weChino Unix hak mazwi anowanzoenderana. Vashandi veGNU havakwanisi, kutaura kwemukati hakuwanikwi, uyewo haisi POSIX yemakirasi emhando ( [[: alnum:]] nezvimwewo). Nhengo dzinotsanangurwa ne octal uye hexadecimal zvingasununguka zvinorapwa zvinorapwa sezvazviri, kunyange kana dzichimiriririra nguva dzose metacharacters.

-re-interval

Rega zvinyorwa zvenguva yakazara mumashoko, kunyange kana - zvave zvichipiwa.

Mabasa

Zvinyorwa zvekutora zvakapoteredzwa mumabhonsi, { uye } . Zvinyorwa zvekutora zvinosanganisira zvinowanzoitwa basa, zvinyorwa, uye zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa mumitauro yakawanda. Vanofambisa, zvinyorwa zvekutonga, uye zvinyorwa / zvinyorwa zvinowanika zviripo zvinofananidzwa shure kweavo vari C.

Operators

Vashandi vari muAWK, mukuda kwekuderera kwekutanga, vari

( ... )

Kuronga

Field reference.

++ -

Kuwedzera uye kudonhedzwa, zvose zviri mberi uye postfix.

Exponentiation ( ** inogonawo kushandiswa, uye ** = kune iyo inoshanda).

+ -!

Unary pamwe, unary minus, uye kukanganisa kunonzwisisika.

Kuwedzera, kupatsanurwa, uye modulus.

+ -

Kuwedzera nekubvisa.

nzvimbo

String concatenation.

<=> =

! = == Vashandi vanogara vakaroorana.

~! ~

Nguva dzose kuratidza mutsara, kusagutsikana. Cherechedzai: Usashandisa nguva dzose ( / foo / ) kuruoko rworuboshwe rwe ~ ~ ! ~! Ingoshandisa imwe kuruoko rworudyi. Izwi / foo / ~ exp rinoreva zvakafanana ne (($ 0 ~ / foo /) ~ exp ) . Izvi kazhinji hazvisi izvo zvaida.

Array membership.

Logical AND.

Logical OR.

C inoshandiswa kutaura. Izvi zvine fomu expr1 ? expr2 : expr3 . Kana expr1 ichokwadi, kukosha kwemashoko ndeye expr2 , kana zvisina kudaro iri expr3 . Imwe chete yexpr2 uye expr3 inoongororwa.

= + = - =

* = / =% = ^ = Basa. Zvose zvakazara basa ( var = kukosha ) uye mubasa-basa (mamwe maitiro) anotsigirwa.

Control Statements

Izvo zvinyorwa zvataurwa ndezvizvi:

kana ( chimiro ) chirevo [chero chirevo ] apo ( chirevo ) chirevo chirevo apo ( chimiro ) chekuti ( expr2 ; expr2 ; expr3 ) chirevo che ( var in array ) chirevo chekupfuurira chengetedza shandura array [ index ] bvisa array exit [ kutaura ] { zvinyorwa }

I / O Statements

Mhinduro / zvinyorwa zvitsvene zvinotevera:

pedo ( faira [ , sei ] )

Vhura faira, pipe kana kubatanidza. Izvo zvingasarudzwa zvinofanira kungoshandiswa sei pakapedza rumwe rutivi rwepombi mbiri-nzira kugadzirisa. Inofanira kunge iri kukosha kwetambo, kana "ku" kana "kubva" .

getline

Isa $ 0 kubva pane imwe yero yezvinodiwa; Ratidza NF , NR , FNR .

getline < file

Isa $ 0 kubva pane imwe nhoroondo yefaira ; tarisa NF .

getline var

Isa var kubva pane imwe yeropa rekupinza; Isa NR , FNR .

getline var < file

Isa var kubva pane imwe nhoroondo yefaira .

command | getline [ var ]

Shandisa mutemo kuvhara zvakabuda mu $ 0 kana var , sepamusoro.

command | & getline [ var ]

Simbirai murairo sekubatanidza kubatanidza kubudiswa kana mu $ 0 kana var , sepamusoro. Co-maitiro ndeyekuwedzera kuwedzerwa.

inotevera

Rega kushandura ikozvino yeropa reko. Izvozvo zvinotevera zvinyorwa zvinoverengerwa zvinoverengwa uye kushandiswa kunotanga kupfuura nekutanga yepurogiramu yeAWK. Kana kuguma kwemashoko ekupinza kwasvika, END end (s), kana iripo, inourawa.

nextfile

Rega kushandura ikozvino mafaira mafaira. Izvozvo zvinotevera zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa kubva pane faira inotevera. FILENAME neAARGIND zviri kuvandudzwa, FNR inodzorerwazve ku1, uye kushandiswa kunotanga nekutanga yepurogiramu yeAWK. Kana kuguma kwemashoko ekupinza kwasvika, END end (s), kana iripo, inourawa.

print

Prints the record current. Izvo zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinopedzwa nehuwandu hwehwaro hwe ORS .

print print-list

Prints expressions. Mashoko ose ega akaparadzaniswa nehuwandu hweOsS hunosiyana. Izvo zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinopedzwa nehuwandu hwehwaro hwe ORS .

print print-list > file

Kunyora zvinyorwa pafaira . Mashoko ose ega akaparadzaniswa nehuwandu hweOsS hunosiyana. Izvo zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinopedzwa nehuwandu hwehwaro hwe ORS .

printf fmt, expr-list

Fomora uye kudhinda.

printf fmt, expr-list > file

Fomesa uye kupirinda pane faira .

system ( cmd-line )

Dzorerai murairo cmd-line , uye dzorera mamiriro ekudzoka. (Izvi zvingave zvisingawanikwi pane zvisiri POSIX.)

fflush ( [ file ]

Shandisa mabheji chero api zvayo anobatanidzwa nefungu rekubudiswa faira kana pombi faira . Kana faira isiripo, ipapo huwandu hwehuwandu hunobudiswa. Kana faira isina tsananguro, zvisingaiti zvose zvakasununguka mafaira uye mapaipi ane zvinyorwa zvavo zvinoputirwa.

Zvimwe zvinowanikwa zvinowanikwa zvakare zvinotenderwa kuti zvinyorwa uye printf .

print ... >> file

inoshandiswa kubva kune faira .

print ... | command

anonyora pombi.

print ... | & command

inotumira dhamoni kune imwe nzira.

Mutemo we- getline unodzorera 0 pakuguma kwefaira uye -1 pane chinokanganisa. Pamusoro pekanganiso , ERRNO ine tambo inotsanangura dambudziko.

Cherechedza: Kana ukashandisa pombi kana kubatanidza kuenderera mberi , kana kubva pakudhindwa kana kushandura mukati mechitsiko, unofanirwa kushandisa pedyo () kuumba mamiriro matsva emurairo. AWK haina kungovhara mapaipi kana kubatana-pavanodzoka EOF.

The printf Statement

IAWK zvinyorwa zve printf statement uye sprintf () basa (ona pasi apa) bvuma mafomu ekutsanangurira okutevera aya:

% c

An ASCII unhu. Kana nhaurirano inoshandiswa ku % c yakawanda , inorapwa semunhu uye yakadhindwa. Kana zvisina kudaro, nharo yacho inofungidzirwa kuva tambo, uye chete chimiro chokutanga chetambo iyo inodhindwa.

% d , % i

Nhamba yepamusoro (integer chikamu).

% e,% E

Nhamba yakatenderera nhamba ye fomu [-] d.dddddde [+ -] dd . I % E format inoshandisa E pane nzvimbo e .

% f

Nhamba inotenderera nhamba ye fomu [-] ddd.dddddd .

% g,% G

Shandisa % e kana % f kushandurwa, chero ipi zviduku, uye zeros dzisingasviki dzakadzingwa. I % G maitiro anoshandisa % E pane % e .

% o

Nhamba isina kuiswa maoctal nhamba (uyewo integer).

% u Anonymous decimal decimal (zvakare, integer).

% s

A character string.

% x,% X

Nhamba isina kutaurwa yehexadecimal (yakawanda). I % X maitiro anoshandisa ABCDEF pane kubcdef .

A single % character; hapana nharo inoshandurwa.

Zvichida, mamwe maparamendi angave ari pakati pe % uye tsamba yekudzora:

kuverenga $

Shandisa nhamba ye 'th argument panguva ino mukugadzirisa. Izvi zvinonzi positional specifier uye inogadzirirwa zvikuru kushandiswa mumashanduriro akashandurwa emhando dzesimbi, kwete mumashoko ekutanga ehurongwa hweAWK. Icho chinowedzera kuwedzera.

Izwi rinofanira kusara-rakarurama mumunda wayo.

nzvimbo

Nekushandurwa kwenhamba, kutanga maonero akanaka nenzvimbo, uye nhamba dzisina kunaka nechiratidzo chisina kunaka.

Icho chiratidzo chinoshandiswa, chisati chashandiswa pamberi pehuwandu modifier (ona pasi apa), inotaura kuti nguva dzose inopa chiratidzo chekushandura kwenhamba, kunyange kana dhesi iyo inyorewa yakanaka. The + inodarika nzvimbo modifier.

Shandisa `` mamwe mafomu '' kune mamwe mabhuku ekudzivirira. Ne % o , kupa zero rinotungamirira. Pamusoro pe % x , uye % X , ipai chinotungamirira 0x kana 0X nokuda kwechikonzero chekusiya. Nokuda kwe % e , % E , uye % f , chigumisiro chacho chine nguva ine chirevo chepamusoro. Kwe % g , uye % G , trailing zeros haibviswe kubva pamugumisiro.

Inotungamirira 0 (zero) inoshanda semureza, iyo inoratidza kubuda kunofanira kunge yakazara ne zero pane nzvimbo. Izvi zvinoshanda kunyange kune zvisingabatsiri zvigadzirwa zvemafomu. Iyi mureza inobatsira kana rutivi rwomumunda rwakapetwa kupfuura kukosha kudhindwa.

kureba

Munda unofanirwa kuve wakaputika kune huwandu huno. Munda wacho unowanzoputirwa nezvivako. Kana mureza 0 wakashandiswa, wakazara ne zero.

. prec

Nhamba inotsanangura zvakajeka kushandiswa pakudhinda. Pamusoro pe % e , % E , uye % f mafomu, izvi zvinotsanangura nhamba yezvidimbu zvaunoda kudhindwa kusvika kurudyi rwepeji yepamusoro. Pamusoro pe % g , uye % G zvigadziri, inotsanangura nhamba yakakura yezviverengero zvakakosha. Pamusoro pe % d , % o , % i , % u , % x , uye % X mafomu, inotsanangura huwandu huwandu hwemajita kuti hudhindwe. Nokuda kwe % s , inotsanangura huwandu huwandu hwevanhu kubva kune tambo inofanira kudhindwa.

Iyo yakawanda yakawandisa uye yakanakira maitiro eAnsi C printf () zvirongwa zvinotsigirwa. A * panzvimbo yehupamhi kana kuti zvakananga zvinokonzera kuti maitiro avo atorekwe kubva pakutsanangurudza mazita ku printf kana sprintf () . Kuti ushandise chirevo chechimiro nechisimba chakakura kana kuti chakajeka, shandisa mari inoverengeka mushure me * inomutambo tambo. Somuenzaniso, "% 3 $ * 2 $. * 1 $ s" .

Special File Files

Pandinoita I / O redirection kubva pakadhindwa kana kushandura kusvika mune faira, kana kuburikidza ne- getline kubva pane faira, gawk inoziva mamwe mahwindo akasiyana mukati. Aya mafaira anosvitsa kuwanikwa kwekuzarura mafaira zvinotsanangurwa zvakagarwa kubva muitiro wemubereki wekona (kazhinji shell). Aya mazita emafaira anogonawo kushandiswa pamutsetse wemirairo kutumidza mafaira e data. Mafirimu aya:

/ dev / stdin

Izvo zvinowanikwa.

/ dev / stdout

The standard output.

/ dev / stderr

Izvo zvinokanganisa kukanganisa.

/ dev / fd / n

Iyo faira inobatanidzwa nefaira rakashama rondedzero n .

Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha pamishumo yekukanganisa. Semuyenzaniso:

shandura "Iwe wakaipfura!" > "dev / stderr"

asi iwe ungazofanira kushandisa

shandura "Iwe wakaipfura!" | "cat 1> & 2"

Aya mazita emafaira akasiyana anogona kushandiswa ne | & co-process operator nokuda kwekusika TCP / IP network connections.

/ inet / tcp / lport / rhost / rport

Faira yeTCP / IP yehutachiona panzvimbo yekuchengetwa kwemasango kune imwe nzvimbo yakasununguka rhost pane imwe nzvimbo iri kure. Shandisa gomba re 0 kuti sarudzo itore chiteshi.

/ inet / udp / lport / rhost / rport

Saizvozvowo, asi shandisa UDP / IP pane TCP / IP.

/ inet / raw / lport / rhost / rport

Yakachengeterwa kushandiswa kwemangwana.

Zvimwe zvepafaira zvakasiyana-siyana zvinopa ruzivo rwekuwana ruzivo pamusoro pekugadzirisa gwara rekuita. Aya mafaira ari kusvibiswa. Shandisa PROCINFO array kuti uwane ruzivo rwavanopa . Mafirimu aya:

/ dev / pid

Kuverenga iyi faira inodzorera hutu hwehutano hwehutano huripo, mumutengo, hugumiswa nelineline.

/ dev / ppid

Kuverenga iyi faira inodzorera muDZIDZIDZO yevabereki yehutano huripo, mumutengo, inopedzerwa nelineline.

/ dev / pgrpid

Kuverenga iyi faira inodzorera iyo Dhiyabhorosi yeboka yehutano huripo, muchirevo chekupedzisira, inopedzwa nevelineline.

/ dev / user

Kuverenga iyi faira kunodzorera rekodhi imwechete yakagadziriswa nelineline. Masimi akaparadzaniswa nemiganhu. $ 1 ndiro kukosha kwekuwana (2) kushevedzera, $ 2 inokosha ye geteuid (2) kushevedzera, $ 3 inokosha ye gotgid (2) kushevedzera, uye $ 4 inokosha yegetegid (2) system call. Kana pane imwe mimwe minda, iyo idzo dzeboka dzinodzorerwa ne- groupgroups (2). Mapoka akawanda haafaniri kutsigirwa pane zvese zvese.

Numeric Runctions

AWK ine inotevera yakavakwa-kuita masvomiti mabasa:

atan2 ( y , x )

Inodzorera arctangent ye y / x mumayera.

cos ( expr )

Inodzorera cosine yexpr , iyo iri mu radians.

exp ( expr )

Basa rekujekesa.

int ( expr )

Inotora kuti iite.

log ( expr )

Irogarithm chaiyo inoshanda.

rand ()

Inodzorera nhamba dzisingatauri pakati pe 0 ne1.

chivi ( expr )

Inodzorera sine yexpr , iyo iri mu radians.

sqrt ( expr )

Iko midzi midzi basa.

srand ( [ expr ] )

Shandisa expr sembeu mutsva yeanorator nhamba ye generator. Kana pasina expr inopiwa, nguva yezuva inoshandiswa. Nhamba yekudzoka ndiyo mbeu yapfuura ye nhamba ye randomeri.

Mabasa Akakomba

Gawk ine inotevera yakavakwa-mu tambo mabasa:

asort ( s [ , d ] )

Inodzorera nhamba yezvimwe zvinhu mumutauro we s . Zviri mukati maro zvinosarudzwa vachishandisa mitemo yepakati pezvakanaka zvekuenzanisa mararamiro, uye nhamba dzenheyo dzakarongwa s dzinoshandiswa ne-intequential integers dzinotanga ne 1. Kana sarudzo yekuenda kune imwe d d inotsanangurwa, saka inotanga kudhindwa mu d , ezvo d inosarudzwa, ichisiya mitsara yenzvimbo yakasangana s isina kuchinjwa.

vanhuub ( r , s , h [ , t ] )

Tsvaga tsananguro tambo t yemitambo yezvinowanzoonekwa r . Kana h isambo inotanga na g kana G , uye shandura mitezo yose ye r uye s . Kana zvisina kudaro, h iyo nhamba inoratidzira mutsara we r kuti utore. Kana t isingawaniki, $ 0 inoshandiswa panzvimbo. Muchidimbu chemugwaro s , kuwirirana \ n , apo n chidimbu kubva pa1 kusvika ku9, chingashandiswa kuratidza chete chirevo chakafananidza ne "th 'sherehesized subexpression. Kuenzanisa \ 0 kunomiririra yose yakafanana nemagwaro, sezvinoita unhu & . Kusiyana ne- sub () uye gsub () , the modified string inodzorerwa sechigumisiro chebasa racho, uye chinangwa chepakutanga hachina kuchinjwa.

gsub ( r , s [ , t ] )

Nokuti chimwe nechimwe chinopindirana neshoko rinowanzo r mu tambo t , shandisa tambo s , uye dzorera nhamba yekubatsiridza. Kana t isingawaniki, shandisa $ 0 . An & in the replacement text is replaced with the text that was actually matched. Shandisa \ & kuti uwane chaiyo & . (Iyi inofanira kunge yakanyorwa se "\\ &" ; ona GAWK: Kubudirira AWK Programming yehurukuro yakakwana yeiyo mitemo ye & & s backslashes mubasa rekushandurwa kwe sub () , gsub () , uye gensub () .)

chinyorwa ( s , t )

Inodzorera nhamba ye tambo t mu tambo s , kana 0 kana t isipo. (Izvi zvinoreva kuti mararamiro emuitiro anotanga pane imwe.)

kureba ( [ s ] )

Inodzorera urefu hwetambo s , kana kuti urefu hwe $ 0 kana s isati yapiwa.

sanisa ( s , r [ , a ] )

Inodzorera nzvimbo iyo s iyo inogara ichitaura r inowanikwa, kana 0 kana r isipo, uye inoisa tsika dzeRSTART neRLENGTH . Cherechedza kuti urongwa hwekukakavadzana hwakafanana neye ~ operator: str . Kana paine a inopiwa, ajekeswa uye ipapo zvikamu 1 kuburikidza n zvizadzwa nezvikamu zve s izvo zvinofananidza kushandiswa kwekodzero dzevabereki mune r . Icho chinhu che''th 'chinosanganisira chikamu che s chinosangana nehuwandu hwemashoko ose r .

kupatsanurwa ( s , a [ , r ] )

Anoparadzanisa tambo s mumutsetse a pane nguva dzose r , uye anodzosera nhamba yeminda. Kana r isingabvumirwi, FS inoshandiswa panzvimbo. Yakaitwa a inotswa kutanga. Kusvetuka kunofambisa zvakafanana kumunda kuparadzaniswa, kunotsanangurwa pamusoro apa.

sprintf ( fmt , expr-list )

Zvinyorwa zvinotsanangura-rondedzera maererano ne fmt , uye rinodzorera tsvina inoguma.

ststonum ( c )

Inoongorora tsanangudzo , uye inodzorera kukosha kwayo. Kana tsanga inotanga nekutungamirira 0 , strtonum () inobvuma kuti str is octal number. Kana tsanga inotanga nekutungamirira 0x kana 0X , strtonum () inobvuma kuti str ndiyo nhamba ye hexadecimal.

sub ( r , s [ , t ] )

Kungofanana neGsub () , asi chete yekutanga inobatanidza iyo inotsiviwa.

substr ( s , i [ , n ] )

Inodzorera iyo kunyanya n -character substring s s kutanga pa i . Kana n isina kusiyiwa, s rest s inoshandiswa.

tolower ( str )

Inodzorera kopi yechirambo str , neyepamusoro-shandu dzevanhu mumidzo yakashandurwa kune yavo yakaderera-seki. Zvisiri-mazita echifabheti zvakasara zvisina kuchinja.

toupper ( str )

Inodzorera kopi yechirambo str , nevose vari pasi-iyo vanhu vashanduri in str yakashandurwa kune yavo inofanirwa kumusoro-case. Zvisiri-mazita echifabheti zvakasara zvisina kuchinja.

Nguva Inoshanda

Sezvo imwe yemashandisirwo ekutanga emapurogiramu AWK iri kugadzirisa mafaira egiyo ane nguva yemazamu emashoko, gawk inopa mabasa anotevera ekuwana nguva matanho nekudzigadzirisa.

mktime ( datespec )

Inoshandura datespec mune imwe nguva yechitima chemufananidzo wakafanana wakadzorerwa nes sytime () . Mazuva acho ndeye tambo yeYYYY MM DD HH MM SS [DST] . Zvinyorwa zvetambo ndezviverengera zvitanhatu kana zvinomwe zvinomiririra maererano gore rose, kusanganisira zana remakore, mwedzi kubva pa1 kusvika pa12, zuva remwedzi kubva pa1 kusvika ku31, awa yezuva kubva pa3 kusvika ku23, miniti kubva pa 0 kusvika kune makumi maviri 59, uye wechipiri kubva ku 0 kusvika ku60, uye yega yega yezuva rinochengetedza mureza. Nhamba dzemajenya aya haafaniri kunge dziri mukati memazera akataurwa; somuenzaniso, awa ye-1 inoreva 1 awa asati pakati pousiku. Mhemberero-yekare kalendori yaGregory inofungidzirwa, negore 0 gore rakapera 1 negore -1 gore rinotangira 0. Nguva inofungidzirwa kuva mune imwe nguva yenguva. Kana kushambadzira kwemazuva masikati kwakanaka, nguva inofungidzirwa kuva masikati ekuchengetedza nguva; kana zero, nguva inofungidzirwa kuva nguva yakazara; uye kana zvisina (zvisiri zvacho), mktime () anoedza kuziva kana zuva rekuchengetedza nguva riri kushanda kwenguva yakatarwa. Kana datespec isina zvigadziri zvakakwana kana kana nguva inoguma isiri kure, mktime () inodzoka -1.

strftime ( [ format [ , timestamp ]] )

Inoita timetampu maererano nehuwandu hwemufananidzo. Nguva yakatarisa inofanira kunge yakafanana yakadzorerwa nes sytime () . Kana timestamp isipo, nguva yemazuva ano inoshandiswa. Kana fomu isipo, imwe yakashata yakaenzana neyakabuda yezuva (1) inoshandiswa. Ona tsanangudzo ye strftime () basa muna ANSI C nokuda kwekushandurwa kwemafungiro ayo anovimbiswa kuvapo. A public-domain version ye strftime (3) uye peji yevanhu nokuti inouya ne gawk ; kana shanduro iyoyo yakashandiswa kuvaka gwapa , ipapo kutendeuka kwose kunorondedzerwa mumapeji evanhu iyeye kunowanika kuonekwa.

systime ()

Inodzorera nguva iripo yezuva sehamba yemasekondi kubvira Epoch (1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC pamusoro pePOSIX systems).

Bit Manipulations Mabasa

Kutanga nehurukuro 3.1 yezvakagadzirwa , zvinotevera zvinoshandiswa zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa. Vanoshanda nokushandura kaviri-yakarurama kutenderera kwepamusoro kwehutano kune vasina kutora nguva refu , vachiita basa, uye vozoshandura mhinduro yacho kumashure. Mabasa acho ndeokuti:

uye ( v1 , v2 )

Dzorerai zvishoma nezvimwe zvehutano hwakapiwa na v1 uye v2 .

compl ( val )

Dzorerai zvinyorwa zvinowirirana zve val .

lshift ( val , count )

Dzorera kukosha kwechivharo , kushandiswa kuruboshwe nekuverenga bits.

kana ( v1 , v2 )

Dzorerai zvisiri izvo OR yemitemo inopiwa na v1 uye v2 .

rhift ( val , count )

Dzorera kukosha kweji , kushandurwa kurudyi nekuverenga bits.

xor ( v1 , v2 )

Dzorerai zvishoma XOR yehutano hwakapiwa na v1 uye v2 .

Internationalization Functions

Kutanga nehurukuro 3.1 yezvinyorwa, mabasa anotevera anogona kushandiswa kubva mukati megurogiramu yako yeAWK yekushandura tsvimbo panguva yekumhanya. Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko, ona GAWK: Kubudirira AWK Programming .

bindtextdomain ( directory [ , domain ] )

Inotsanangurira tsanangudzo iyo gawk inotarisa .mo mafaira, kana isingaiti kana isingagoni kuiswa mu `` standard '' nzvimbo (semuenzaniso, panguva yekuedzwa). Idzo inodzorera zvinyorwa uko nzvimbo yakatongwa is `` bound. ''

Izvo zvisiri zvitukuta ndiyo kukosha kwe TEXTDOMAIN . Kana nheteti ichinhu chisina kushandiswa ( "" " ), ipapo bindtextdomain () inodzorera ikozvino kusungirirwa kweimba yakapiwa.

dcgettext ( string [ , domain [ , category ]] )

Kudzorera kushandurwa kwetambo mumutauro wekusimbisa nzvimbo yekunzvimbo yedunhu . Iko kusina kukosha kwehutachiona ndiyo kukosha kwezvino kwe TEXTDOMAIN . Izvo zvisiri izvo zvinokosha zvechikwata "LC_MESSAGES" .

Kana iwe uchipa kukosha kwechikwata , inofanira kuva tambo yakaenzana kune imwe yenzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzenzvimbo dzinotsanangurwa muGaWK: Inobatsira AWK Programming . Iwe unofanirwawo kupa ruzivo rwemashoko. Shandisa TEXTDOMAIN kana uchida kushandisa domain iripo.

dcngettext ( string1 , string2 , number [ , domain [ , category ]] )

Inodzorera huwandu hwakawanda hunoshandiswa kuwanda kwekushandurwa kwetambo1 uye chinyorwa2 mumutauro wechirongo chekugara kwechikwata chechikwata. Iko kusina kukosha kwehutachiona ndiyo kukosha kwezvino kwe TEXTDOMAIN . Izvo zvisiri izvo zvinokosha zvechikwata "LC_MESSAGES" .

MITEMO USER-INOFANISWA

Mabasa muAWK anotsanangurwa seizvi:

basa zita ( parameter list ) { statement }

Mabasa anourawa paanodanwa kubva mukati mamashoko mune chero maitiro kana zviito. Zvechokwadi parameter inowanikwa mubasa rekushandiswa inoshandiswa kugadzirisa mitemo yakarongeka mumabasa. Zvinyorwa zvinopfuudzwa nekutaridzirwa, zvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvakapedzerwa nekukosha.

Sezvo basa rakanga risati riri chikamu chemutauro weAWK, urongwa hwezvigadziriswe zvemukati ndezvekunyanyisa: Dzinofanirwa semamwe maparamendi muzveramende. Gungano nderokuparadzanisa mamiriro ezvinhu emunharaunda kubva kumagadzirirwo chaiwo nemamwe mavara munzvimbo ye parameter. Semuyenzaniso:

basa f (p, q, a, b) # a uye b ivo vepasi {...} / abc / {...; f (1, 2); ...}

Nhengo dzekupedzisira dzakasara mubasa rekushanda dzinodiwa kuti dzitevere pakarepo zita rebasa, pasina nzvimbo inopenya yakachena. Izvi ndeyekudzivisa maitiro ekugadzirisa maitiro neanopatenation operator. Ichi chirevo hachina kushandiswa kune zvakavakwa mumabasa akanyorwa pamusoro apa.

Basa rinogona kudana uye rinogona kunge richidzoka. Basa rinoshandiswa sezvipembenene zvemukati zvinotanga kushandiswa kusina tambo uye nhamba ye zero pakukumbira basa.

Shandisa kudzorera expr kudzorera kukosha kubva pane basa. Mutengo wokudzoka hauna kujekeswa kana pasina kukosha kunopiwa, kana kana basa rinodzoka ne `` richiwa '' mugumo.

Kana - iyo yakagadziriswa, gawk inonyevera nezvekufonera kusinganzwisisiki panguva dzenguva, pane nguva yekumhanya. Kudana basa risina kufanirwa panguva yekumhanya ndereipi inouraya.

Izwi rokuti func rinogona kushandiswa munzvimbo yekushanda .

DYNAMICALLY LOADING NEW FUNCTIONS

Kutanga nehuwandu 3.1 hwekutsvaga , iwe unogona kuwedzera simba idzva rakagadzirwa mukati memuturikiri we gawk . Zvose zvakazara zviri kunze kwehuwandu hwebhuku rino rekushandisa; ona GAWK: Kubudirira AWK Programming yemashoko acho.

kuwedzera ( chinhu , basa )

Shandisai zvakasimba faira chinhu chakanyorwa chinonzi chinhu , uye invoke basa mune ichocho, kuti uite kutanga. Izvi zvinofanira kupiwa zvose sezviridzwa. Inodzorera kukosha kwakadzoka nemabasa .

Iri basa rakapiwa uye rakanyorwa muG GAWK: Achibudirira AWK Programming , asi zvinhu zvose pamusoro pechinhu ichi zvinogona kuchinja mune kusunungurwa kunotevera. Tinonyatsokurudzira kuti usashandise chinhu ichi chero chipi zvacho chausingadi kudzorera zvakare.

SIGNALS

pgawk inogamuchira zviratidzo zviviri. SIGUSR1 inokonzera kuti iparadze purogiramu uye basa call stack kune firiji yefaira, zvichida awkprof.out , kana chero faira yakatumidzwa ne-- profile option. Iyo inoramba ichienderera mberi. SIGHUP inokonzera kuti iparadze purogiramu uye basa rekuita foni uye wozobuda.

EXAMPLES

Dhinda uye sarudza mazita ekutumira kwevashandisi vose: BEGIN {FS = ":"} {shandura $ 1 | "sarudza"} Tora mitsara mufaira: {nlines ++} END {print nlines} Gadzirira mutsara mumwe nomumwe nhamba yacho mufaira: {print FNR, $ 0} Shandisai nhamba yemutsetse (kushandiswa mumusoro): {print NR, $ 0}

Internalization

Mitsindo yakasimba inokonzerwa nevanhu vanowanikwa mumashoko maviri. Munzvimbo dzisiri dzeChirungu dzinotaura, zvinokwanisika kuisa tsananguro muchirongwa cheAWK sezvinodiwa kushandurirwa kumutauro wemutauro wenyama. Tsvimbo dzakadaro dzinoratidzwa mumutambo weAWK nekunyorera kusimbisa (`` _ ''). Semuyenzaniso,

gawk 'BEGIN {chinyorwa "hello, nyika"}'

nguva dzose inonyora hello, nyika . Asi,

gawk 'BEGIN {chinyorwa _ "hello, nyika"}'

inogona kunyora bonjour, nyika muFrance.

Kune matanho anoverengeka anobatanidzwa mukugadzira nekushanda purogiramu yeAWK iripo.

Wedzera BEGIN chiito chekupa kukosha ku TEXTDOMAIN kushandura kuisa domain domain kune zita rinosanganiswa neprogram yako.

TANGA {TEXTDOMAIN = "myprog"}

Izvi zvinobvumira gawk kuwana iyo .mo faira inobatanidzwa nepurogiramu yako. Pasina danho iri, gawk anoshandisa mazwi text domain, izvo zvingasava neshanduro yepurogiramu yako.

Tora michina yose inofanirwa kushandurwa nekutungamira kunosimbisa.

Kana zvichidikanwa, shandisa dcgettext () uye / kana bindtextdomain () inoshanda purogiramu yako, sezvakakodzera.

Run gawk --gen-po -f myprog.awk> myprog.po kuunza a .po file yepurogiramu yako.

Ipa shanduro dzakakodzera, uye uise uye isa imwe inowanikwa .mo file.

Izvo zviitiko zvepasi rose zvinotsanangurwa zvakazara zvizere mu GAWK: Kubudirira AWK Programming .

Posix Compatibility

Chinangwa chekutanga che gawk chinopindirana nePOSIX standard, uye pamwe neshanduro yakapfuura yeUNIX awk . Kumugumo uyu, gawk inosanganisira zvinotevera zvinoshandiswa nevashandisi izvo zvisati zvatsanangurwa mubhuku reAWK, asi chikamu cheBell Laboratories version ye awk , uye iri muPOSIX.

Bhuku rinoratidza kuti mutemo wechina wekutevedza hutano hunoitika apo awk ingangove yakazarura nharo sefaira, iyo inotevera mushure meBITGIN bhokisi iri kuitwa. Zvisinei, mumabasa ekutanga, apo basa rakadaro rakaonekwa pamberi pemamwe mazita emafaira, basa racho raizoitika kusati kwaitwa BEGIN bhokisi. Zvikumbiro zvakauya zvichibva pane iyi `` chidimbu. '' Apo awk yakashandurwa kufanana nemagwaro ayo, ye--kusarudzo yekupa mhando kusati kwarongwa purogiramu yakawedzerwa kuti igadzirire zvikwereti zvakatsigirwa nemafambiro ekare. (Izvi zvakagamuchirwa neBell Laboratories nevatangi veGNU.)

I -W sarudzo yekushandiswa kwezvimwe zvinhu zvinobva paPOSIX.

Pakugadzirisa nharo, gawk inoshandisa sarudzo inokosha `` - '' kuratidza kuguma kwemashoko. Mukubatana kwemaitiro, inonyevera pamusoro pazvo asi asiri kukanganwa zvisarudzo zvisingafadzi. Mukushanda kwakanaka, nharo dzakadaro dzinopfuurirwa purogiramu yeAWK yokuti iite.

Bhuku reAWK haritauri kukosha kwekudzoka kweSrand () . Iyo POSIX yakaenzana inodzorera mbeu yaive iri kushandisa, kubvumira kuchengeta nhamba dzisingatauriki nhamba. Saka srand () mu gawk inodzorerawo mbeu yaro ikozvino.

Zvimwe zvitsva zvinoshandiswa ndezvi: Kushandiswa kwezvizhinji -f zvokusarudza (kubva MKS awk ); the ENVIRON array; the \ a , uye \ v kupukunyuka maitiro (akaitwa pakutanga uye akadyidzwa zvakare muBell Laboratories version); the tolower () uye toupper () yakavakwa mumabasa (kubva kuBell Laboratories version); uye ANSI C kushandurwa kwezvinyorwa mu printf (yakatanga kutanga muBell Laboratories version).

Historical Features

Pane zvikamu zviviri zvezvinyorwa zveAWK zvinoshandiswa izvo gawk zvinotsigira. Chokutanga, zvinobvira kutumidza urefu () yakagadzirwa-inoshanda kwete chete pasina nharo, asi kunyange pasina vanababa! Saka,

a = urefu # Mutsvene Algol 60, Batman!

iyo yakafanana neyimwe ye

a = urefu ()
a = urefu ($ 0)

Ichi chinhu chinoratidzika se `` deprecated '' mumutambo wePOSIX , uye gawk inopa nyevero pamusoro pekushandiswa kwayo kana - zvinyorwa zvichitsanangurwa pamutsara wemirairo.

Chimwe chikamu ndechokushandiswa kwechirongwa chekuenderera mberi kana kupfupisa kwekunze kwekunze kwemuviri wekanguva , kana , kana kuti kuvhara. Nzira dzekushandiswa kweAWK dzekare dzinobata kushandiswa kwakadaro zvakaenzana neshoko rinotevera . Gawk inotsigira kushandiswa uku kana -mazuva akataurwa.

GNU Extensions

Gawk ine nhamba dzezvinyorwa zvePOSIX awk . Ivo vanorondedzerwa muchikamu chino. Zvose zvinowedzera zvinorondedzerwa pano zvinogona kuvhiringidzwa nekutengesa gawk ne-- dd option.

Izvo zvinotevera zvinowanikwa zvegwenga hazviwanikwi muPOSIX awk .

Hapana nzira yekutsvaga inoitwa kune mafaira anonzi achishandisa -f option. Nokudaro iyo AWKPATH yemhepo yakasiyana haisi yakakosha.

I \ x kupukunyuka. (Akaremara ne -posix .)

I fflush () basa. (Akaremara ne -posix .)

Iko kukwanisa kupfuurira mitsetse shure ? uye :. (Akaremara ne -posix .)

Octal uye hexadecimal constants mumapurogiramu AWK.

Aya ARGIND , BINMODE , ERRNO , LINT , RT uye TEXTDOMAIN mafashoni haasi anokosha.

Kusiyana kweGGNORECASE uye migumisiro yaro haisipo.

Iyo FIELDWIDTHS inoita shanduko uye yakasimbiswa-yakafara.

Iyo PROCINFO yakazara haisipo.

Kushandiswa kweR RS kunongoratidzwa nguva dzose.

Mazita epafisi chaiwo anowanikwa kuti I / O redirection hazvizivikanwe.

The | & operator pane zvisikwa zve-process.

Iko kukwanisa kuparadzanisa vashandi pachavo vachishandisa chinyunyu chisina kufanana sechinhu chaFS , uye senharo yechitatu yekuparadzanisa () .

Icho chisarudzo chechipiri chekugadzirira kumushure () basa.

Icho chisarudzo chechitatu chekutsvaga () basa.

Iko kukwanisa kushandisa positional specifiers ne printf uye sprintf () .

Kushandiswa kwemasikati kunongedza kusvina zvose zviri mukati mutsva.

Kushandiswa kwelandelayofile kusasiya kushandiswa kwezvino kuiswa mafaira.

The and () , asort () , bindtextdomain () , compl () , dcgettext () , gensub () , lshift () , mktime () , kana () , rshift () , strftime () , strtonum () , systime () uye xor () inoshanda.

Localizable strings.

Kuwedzera mitsva yakagadzirwa-in inoshandiswa dynamically pamwe nekuwedzera () basa.

IAWK bhuku haritauri kukosha kwekudzoka kwekuvhara () basa. Gawk 's close () inodzorera kukosha kubva fclose (3), kana pclose (3), kana kupfigira imwe yakabuda faira kana pombi, maererano. Iyo inodzorera nzira yekubuda kwehutano iyo pavhara pipe inopinza. Nhamba yekudzoka i1 kana iyo inonzi zita, pipe kana kubatanidza haina kuvhurwa nekunyorerwa.

Apo gawk inoshandiswa ne-- traditional chisarudzo, kana fs mhinduro kune -F chisarudzo ndeyo `` t '', saka FS inogadzirirwa kune unhu hwebhu. Cherechedza kuti kuisa gawk -F \ t ... kunokonzera kuti shell inodzokorora `` t, '', uye haifaniri kudarika `` \ t '' kune -F chisarudzo. Sezvo ichi chiri chiitiko chinonyangadza chakaipa, haisi tsika dzisina kukodzera. Iyi miitiro hainawo kuitika kana -posix yakatsanangurwa. Kuti uwane chimiro chebhuku separarator yemunda, zvakanakisa kushandisa imwe chete zvinyorwa: gawk -F '\ t' ....

Ona mamwe mairairo : kumirira , lp , kukwana , execv , getfacl , ioctl , uniq , rmmod , pvcreate , rsh , unix2dos , cal , fs , cd , iwpriv , swapon , autofs , talk , motd , free , lpr , execl , fdisk , at , who , iwconfig , ifconfig , vgdisplay , open , lsmod , hhs , mailq , kill , wtmp